https://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22&feed=atom&action=history"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here" - Revision history2024-03-28T14:52:37ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.16.5https://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22&diff=11924&oldid=prevR4002: /* More difficult to hear */2020-07-03T16:38:36Z<p><span class="autocomment">More difficult to hear</span></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 16:38, 3 July 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 71:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 71:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== More difficult to hear ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== More difficult to hear ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations. Hobbyists operating "out of band" above and below the amateur radio bands, especially around 6600-7000 kHz and around the [[CB]] band (11 meters) 25-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">28 </del>MHz (during <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">propagation </del>openings).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations. Hobbyists operating "out of band" above and below the amateur radio bands, especially <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Pescadores|</ins>around 6600-7000 kHz<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>and around the [[CB]] band (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[11_meter|</ins>11 meters<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and 10 meter amateur band </ins>25-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">30 </ins>MHz (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[CB#Freebanding_-_What_is_free_band_CB_radio.3F|freebanding]], usually from roughly 25600 kHz to 28000 kHz, </ins>during <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">band </ins>openings).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= Where to Listen Online =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= Where to Listen Online =</div></td></tr>
</table>R4002https://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22&diff=11923&oldid=prevR4002: /* More difficult to hear */2020-07-03T16:35:25Z<p><span class="autocomment">More difficult to hear</span></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 16:35, 3 July 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 71:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 71:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== More difficult to hear ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== More difficult to hear ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Hobbyists operating "out of band" above and below the amateur radio bands, especially around 6600-7000 kHz and around the [[CB]] band (11 meters) 25-28 MHz (during propagation openings)</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= Where to Listen Online =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= Where to Listen Online =</div></td></tr>
</table>R4002https://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22&diff=11909&oldid=prevCommsigma at 22:11, 1 July 20202020-07-01T22:11:49Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 22:11, 1 July 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 3:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 3:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">out </del>HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
</table>Commsigmahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22&diff=11908&oldid=prevCommsigma: /* What Can I Hear? */2020-07-01T21:28:27Z<p><span class="autocomment">What Can I Hear?</span></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 21:28, 1 July 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 10:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 10:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There are a wide variety of things to listen to on HF and it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available see the examples below to get you started. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There are a wide variety of things to listen to on HF and it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available see the examples below to get you started. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Patience is one of your most important tools. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Often times station only </del>broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Patience is one of your most important tools. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Unlike radio stations on your FM dial, many, if not most, stations </ins>broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Understanding radio propagation will help you determine what stations you can hear and when you can hear them. Shortwave radio signals can arrive at your receiver from the transmitter in two ways. If you are very close to the transmitter the radio waves will travel across the ground to your receiver (ground wave propagation). If you are farther away the radio waves will bounce off the ionosphere in the atmosphere (sometimes multiple times) before arriving at your receiver (ionospheric propagation or "skip"). Watch this short Youtube video to get a basic understanding of this process. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Understanding radio propagation will help you determine what stations you can hear and when you can hear them. Shortwave radio signals can arrive at your receiver from the transmitter in two ways. If you are very close to the transmitter the radio waves will travel across the ground to your receiver (ground wave propagation). If you are farther away the radio waves will bounce off the ionosphere in the atmosphere (sometimes multiple times) before arriving at your receiver (ionospheric propagation or "skip"). Watch this short Youtube video to get a basic understanding of this process. </div></td></tr>
</table>Commsigmahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22&diff=11907&oldid=prevCommsigma at 21:24, 1 July 20202020-07-01T21:24:12Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 21:24, 1 July 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 26:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 26:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>- Time of day is very important. The ionosphere changes during the day and reflects signals of different frequencies at different times.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>- Time of day is very important. The ionosphere changes during the day and reflects signals of different frequencies at different times.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Since radio propagation is a natural phenomenon it can be unpredictable. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sometime </del>propagation is excellent. Sometimes it is very, very poor. The pursuit of the elusive radio signal is the thrill of HF radio monitoring. As you get started in this hobby, start with the easier stations to hear and work upward toward the harder ones. This will hone your listening skills and improve your chances.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Since radio propagation is a natural phenomenon it can be unpredictable. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">It can also change very quickly. Sometimes </ins>propagation is excellent. Sometimes it is very, very poor. The pursuit of the elusive radio signal is the thrill of HF radio monitoring. As you get started in this hobby, start with the easier stations to hear and work upward toward the harder ones. This will hone your listening skills and improve your chances.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Easy to hear ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Easy to hear ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Commsigmahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22&diff=11906&oldid=prevCommsigma at 21:23, 1 July 20202020-07-01T21:23:05Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 21:23, 1 July 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= What Can I Hear? =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= What Can I Hear? =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is </del>a wide variety of things to listen to on HF and it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">some </del>examples to get <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">your </del>started <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">are below in this section</del>. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">are </ins>a wide variety of things to listen to on HF and it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">see the </ins>examples <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">below </ins>to get <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">you </ins>started. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 21:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 21:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>- The presence of sunspots will significantly enhance radio propagation especially at higher frequencies. The lack of sunspots will reduce propagation.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>- The presence of sunspots will significantly enhance radio propagation especially at higher frequencies. The lack of sunspots will reduce propagation.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">- Your location is also important. The propagation at the transmitter site may be completely different from the propagation at the receiver.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>- Time of day is very important. The ionosphere changes during the day and reflects signals of different frequencies at different times.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>- Time of day is very important. The ionosphere changes during the day and reflects signals of different frequencies at different times.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 33:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 35:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Show receivers on east coast vs. west coast to emphasize propagation at different locations]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz</div></td></tr>
</table>Commsigmahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22&diff=11905&oldid=prevCommsigma: /* What Can I Hear? */2020-07-01T21:19:51Z<p><span class="autocomment">What Can I Hear?</span></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 21:19, 1 July 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= What Can I Hear? =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= What Can I Hear? =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">such </del>a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">here are </del>some examples <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">starting with the easiest </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">monitor</del>. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is a wide variety of things to listen to on HF <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and </ins>it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available some examples to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">get your started are below in this section</ins>. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Understanding radio propagation will help you determine what stations you can hear and when you can hear them. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Shortwave radio signals can arrive from the transmitter <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to your receiver </del>in two ways. If you are very close to the transmitter the radio waves will travel across the ground to your receiver. If you are farther away the radio waves will bounce off the ionosphere in the atmosphere (sometimes multiple times) before arriving at your receiver. Watch this short Youtube video <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">so that you are familiar with </del>this. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Understanding radio propagation will help you determine what stations you can hear and when you can hear them. </ins>Shortwave radio signals can arrive <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">at your receiver </ins>from the transmitter in two ways. If you are very close to the transmitter the radio waves will travel across the ground to your receiver <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(ground wave propagation)</ins>. If you are farther away the radio waves will bounce off the ionosphere in the atmosphere (sometimes multiple times) before arriving at your receiver <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(ionospheric propagation or "skip")</ins>. Watch this short Youtube video <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to get a basic understanding of </ins>this <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">process</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpbmAPo5Gak Understanding Shortwave Propagation for the Beginner]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpbmAPo5Gak Understanding Shortwave Propagation for the Beginner]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 18:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 18:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Some key factors to remember are:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Some key factors to remember are:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Radio propagation can be <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">predicted </del>but never certain</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">- </ins>Radio propagation can be <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">forecasted </ins>but <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">you can </ins>never <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">be 100% </ins>certain<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The presence of sunspots will significantly enhance radio propagation especially at higher frequencies.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Time of day is very important</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">- </ins>The presence of sunspots will significantly enhance radio propagation especially at higher frequencies<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. The lack of sunspots will reduce propagation</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">- </ins>Time of day is very important<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. The ionosphere changes during the day and reflects signals of different frequencies at different times.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Since radio propagation is a natural phenomenon it can be unpredictable. Sometime propagation is excellent. Sometimes it is very, very poor. The pursuit of the elusive radio signal is the thrill of HF radio monitoring. As you get started in this hobby, start with the easier stations to hear and work upward toward the harder ones. This will hone your listening skills and improve your chances.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Easy to hear ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Easy to hear ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Commsigmahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22&diff=11904&oldid=prevCommsigma at 20:14, 1 July 20202020-07-01T20:14:53Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 20:14, 1 July 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 10:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 10:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Please be aware that patience </del>is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Add quick note about </del>propagation]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Patience </ins>is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Understanding radio </ins>propagation <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">will help you determine what stations you can hear and when you can hear them. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Shortwave radio signals can arrive from the transmitter to your receiver in two ways. If you are very close to the transmitter the radio waves will travel across the ground to your receiver. If you are farther away the radio waves will bounce off the ionosphere in the atmosphere (sometimes multiple times) before arriving at your receiver. Watch this short Youtube video so that you are familiar with this. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpbmAPo5Gak Understanding Shortwave Propagation for the Beginner</ins>]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Some key factors to remember are:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Radio propagation can be predicted but never certain</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The presence of sunspots will significantly enhance radio propagation especially at higher frequencies.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Time of day is very important</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Easy to hear ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Easy to hear ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Commsigmahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22&diff=11903&oldid=prevCommsigma: /* What Can I Hear? */2020-06-30T18:09:10Z<p><span class="autocomment">What Can I Hear?</span></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 18:09, 30 June 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= What Can I Hear? =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= What Can I Hear? =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Please be aware that patience </del>is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">limited basis and are not on the air continuously</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying!</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Much of what </ins>is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">presented here is from </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[Add quick <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">info </del>about propagation]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Please be aware that patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! </ins>[Add quick <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">note </ins>about propagation]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Easy to hear ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Easy to hear ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 35:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 35:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">operation and interest </del>span from technical to having conversations with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">distant </del>stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">interests </ins>span from technical<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, emergency communications, or </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">just </ins>having conversations with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">other </ins>stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>75 meter - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>75 meter <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">band </ins>- 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>40 meter - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>40 meter <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">band </ins>- 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>20 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">meters </del>- Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>20 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">meter band </ins>- Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].</div></td></tr>
</table>Commsigmahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22&diff=11902&oldid=prevCommsigma: /* What Can I Hear? */2020-06-30T18:03:16Z<p><span class="autocomment">What Can I Hear?</span></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 18:03, 30 June 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Please be aware that patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying!</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Please be aware that patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying!</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[Add quick info about propagation]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Easy to hear ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Easy to hear ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Commsigma