https://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Special:Contributions/Redhat&feed=atom&limit=50&target=Redhat&year=&month=HFUnderground - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T01:44:17ZFrom HFUndergroundMediaWiki 1.16.5https://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/C-QUAMC-QUAM2021-03-17T20:05:09Z<p>Redhat: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Compatible Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (C-QUAM)''' is a means of transmitting stereophonic audio that is compatible with monophonic [[AM]] receivers. Developed by Motorola in 1977, this technique was one of four systems proposed to allow commercial station in the United States and elsewhere to transmit stereo audio. Although never authorized for service on high frequency broadcast stations, some commercial equipment can be modified for such service. Some shortwave receivers did include C-QUAM decoding, notably the NRD-545. Today in the SDR age, there are software programs that can natively receive or decode stereo broadcasts. These include SoDiRa, SdrDX, and as of March 2021, the KiwiSDR platform also supports two modes of C-QUAM decoding.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Transmission modes]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/C-QUAMC-QUAM2020-12-08T08:47:05Z<p>Redhat: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Compatible Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (C-QUAM)''' is a means of transmitting stereophonic audio that is compatible with monophonic [[AM]] receivers. Developed by Motorola in 1977, this technique was one of four systems proposed to allow commercial station in the United States and elsewhere to transmit stereo audio. Although never authorized for service on high frequency broadcast stations, some commercial equipment can be modified for such service. Although rare, some shortwave receivers did include C-QUAM decoding, notably the NRD-545. Today in the SDR age, there are software programs that can natively receive or decode stereo broadcasts. These include SoDiRa, and SdrDX.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Transmission modes]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/X-FMX-FM2020-12-08T08:46:26Z<p>Redhat: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:XFM Stereo Swoosh Small.JPG|400px|right|thumb|X-FM's stereo logo.]]<br />
X-FM is a shortwave [[pirate radio station]] broadcasting from North America since 2011. The station began as an FM pirate in the upper midwest of the United States in the early 2000's built mostly from equipment discarded from local radio stations. Redhat, the station announcer, also serves as engineer and program director. Later incarnations of the station on shortwave are co-hosted by The Old Professor, a shortwave pirate himself from the late 90's. The station features new music from genres surrounding alternative rock, indie, electronica, and some selections from the classic rock/stoner era as well. The station is also notable for transmitting Motorola [[C-QUAM]] AM stereo, a system introduced in the 1980's to allow commercial AM stations to transmit in stereo. X-FM has been heard in around 10 countries, and verifies all valid reports with eQSL's, or postal QSL's by request.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
X-FM began in the spring of 2003 after Redhat had aquired enough equipment to begin broadcasting. Even early on, the station was fairly well equipped for a pirate, sporting a Harris Stereo 80 console, ITC cart machines, and later an Orban 8100A for processing. The Shows ran for an hour or two on tuesday nights, but the schedule soon began to favor friday nights which afforded the staff more time to broadcast. The early incarnation of the station did not sound much different from other commercial rock stations on the dial. With time, the station began playing deeper cuts of modern rock and alternative albums, and the music mix began to incorporate indie and various forms of electronica. The station slowly began improving its technical operations as well, adding stereo to its FM signal in the fall of 2003, and RDS sometime in 2005. There was also a push to better the stations' coverage, and with the help of some parts discarded by a local radio station, that goal was achieved in the spring of 2005. Early on, the station had aquired a Collins A830-2 hybrid FM exciter with around 12 watts output. This was fed into a J-pole antenna, and later a 2 bay co-linear antenna. At some point, final tubes for the 60's era exciter were become scarce, so from another dumpster, a Harris MS-15 exciter was procured. The unit was in pieces and had a bad driver transistor, but once repairs were complete, the unit was put into service, and raised the stations' TPO to 22 watts. Around 2005 or so, the carcass of a Collins 830D-1A was put back together in a frame made of 2x4's, and the station set sail with almost 500 watts of power. With the sucessful construction of a pair of ring and stub antennas in the summer of 2005, the stations' ERP rose to almost 1KW.<br />
<br />
Despite all the good times, the station choose to close in the spring of 2008 on it's 5th birthday, citing "..that it was best to hang it up, while we still have our ass." The station appeared sporadically thorughout the next few years, surfacing for an occasional coverage check, holiday show, or just for some music to listen to while Redhat drove around town. One contributing factor to the stations decision to close was the apparent lack of interest on the part of the FM audience. Despite having a call-in number, the phone rarely rang, and when it did, it was usually friends of the show, not someone stumbling across the broadcast. Redhat continued streaming his weekly show for a time, but even this eventually stopped.<br />
<br />
== The Birth of Shortwave ==<br />
<br />
Redhat eventually moved on from his sleepy midwestern town. Along the way, He met The Old Professor, whose own tales of shortwave experimentation in the late 90's perked Redhat's interest. That evil grin began to reappear. There was a huge pile of new music that no one was playing. Following the Professor's advice, Redhat started listening to HF pirates in the summer of 2010. Living on the 3rd floor of an apartment building, a full size inverted V was clandestinely strung through the attic late one night, trying not to wake the occupants of the units under his feet. It was difficult to hear much with that antenna, but recordings do exist of Wolverine Radio, and Bust-A-Nut Radio. This was enough persuation to get things going, and Redhat contacted WBNY in hopes of getting some "seat time" in front of the console again while transmission equipment was built and acquired. The Bunny abliged, and several shows were relayed by the WBNY Relay service. Meanwhile, transmissions from the attic dipole occured sporadically throughout the spring of 2011, netting nice reports from a barefoot FT-857. Tensions within the community eventually force the closure of WBNY's relay service, and Redhat and The Old Professor hit the road and began live shows shortly thereafter. By summer, a mil surplus amplifier was sourced, and X-FM was now being heard reliably throughout most of North America, and beyond. By fall, AM experiments had proven worthy enough to retire the Yeasu and begin full-time AM broadcasts.<br />
<br />
== The Road to C-QUAM Stereo ==<br />
<br />
The Old Professor had long since been a fan of AM stereo, and some of this had apparently rubbed off on Redhat. This may have also been influenced by Bust-A-Nut Radio's ID's stating their transmissions were in C-QUAM stereo. Having sourced a Panasonic C-QUAM test signal generator and a stereo modulation monitor along with a few tuners, Redhat began experimenting in the summer of 2011. A QAM modulator was constructed, and a sample recording was posted on the internet. Redhat soon concluded that it would be easier to up-convert the test signal generators' output to the HF spectrum. This up-converter was built in the summer of 2012, and the first test broadcast occured on July 23rd. Two listeners who posted recording were later rewarded with postal QSL's, a mix disc, and a X-FM hoodie. The station has been broadcasting in stereo ever since.<br />
<br />
== Current Status ==<br />
<br />
Following a transmitter failure in the winter of 2016, the station was offline for the better part of the next 18 months. New transmission equipment is in development, and the current transmitter is in a prototype state. Despite this, the station has been active again since the spring of 2018 using the new transmitter. Following the downturn in propagation, the station has begun using frequencies in the 73 meter band during the winter months, and 48 meters in the summer. As of Halloween 2020, the station is again operating in [[C-QUAM]] stereo, and new equipment is being built to replace the prototype transmitter currently in use.<br />
<br />
+-Redhat<br />
[[Category:Pirate radio stations]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/C-QUAMC-QUAM2020-12-08T07:18:03Z<p>Redhat: Created page with "'''Compatible Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (C-QUAM)''' is a means of transmitting stereophonic audio in a means that is compatible with monophonic AM receivers. Developed..."</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Compatible Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (C-QUAM)''' is a means of transmitting stereophonic audio in a means that is compatible with monophonic [[AM]] receivers. Developed by Motorola in 1977, this technique was one of four systems proposed to allow commercial station in the United States and elsewhere to transmit stereo audio. Although never authorized for service on high frequency broadcast stations, some commercial equipment can be modified for such service. Although rare, some shortwave receivers did include C-QUAM decoding, notably the NRD-545. Today in the SDR age, there are software programs that can natively receive or decode stereo broadcasts. These include SoDiRa, and SdrDX.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Transmission modes]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Technical_TopicsTechnical Topics2020-12-08T07:05:25Z<p>Redhat: /* Transmission Modes */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Antennas ==<br />
*[[Beverage]]<br />
*[[Dipole]]<br />
*[[Random Wire]]<br />
*[[Wellbrook ALA 1530plus]]<br />
<br />
== Receivers ==<br />
<br />
Note: also browse the Transmitters section below, as many of the radios listed there are transceivers with very good receive capability.<br />
<br />
Many links to sites with receiver reviews can be found [https://wiki.radioreference.com/index.php/Category:Receiver_Reviews here]. (Note: offsite wiki)<br />
<br />
Numerous articles on Software Defined Radios including models, software, reviews and more can be found [https://wiki.radioreference.com/index.php/Software_Defined_Radios here] (Note: Offsite wiki)<br />
<br />
<br />
===Portables===<br />
*[[Degen DE1103]]<br />
*[[Kaito KA1102]]<br />
*[[Radio Shack DX-440]] - Also known as the Sangean ATS-803A<br />
*[[Sony ICF-2010]]<br />
*[[Sony ICF SW-7600G]]<br />
<br />
===Desktop Radios===<br />
*[[Century 21]]<br />
*[[Icom R75]]<br />
*[[JRC NRD-545]]<br />
*[[WJ DMS-105a-2]]<br />
<br />
===Software Defined Radios and Web Receivers===<br />
*[[Internet Receivers]]<br />
*[[Perseus]]<br />
*RF Space [[SDR-14]]<br />
*RF Space [[SDR-IQ]]<br />
*RF Space [[netSDR]]<br />
*[[RTL-SDR]]<br />
*[[Software Defined Radio]]<br />
<br />
===Widebanded Radios===<br />
*[[Yupiteru MVT-9000]]<br />
<br />
==Signal Conditioning and Processing, Error Correction==<br />
*[[ARQ]] - Automatic Repeat Request<br />
*[[Bandpass Tuning]]<br />
*[[Digital Signal Processing]]<br />
*[[FEC]] - Forward Error Correction<br />
*[[Noise Blanking]]<br />
*[[Notch Filter]]<br />
*[[Noise Reduction]]<br />
*[[Signal Attenuator]] - DX/Local switch<br />
*[[Synchronous Reception]]<br />
*[[Timewave DSP-599zx]]<br />
<br />
== Transmission Modes ==<br />
*[[AM]]<br />
*[[C-QUAM]]<br />
*[[CW]]<br />
*[[FAX]]<br />
*[[FM]]<br />
*[[Hellschreiber]] <br />
*[[KG-84]]<br />
*[[PSK31]]<br />
*[[RTTY]]<br />
*[[SSB]]<br />
*[[SSTV]]<br />
<br />
== Transmitters ==<br />
*[[Corsair]]<br />
*[[Grenade]]<br />
*[[Icom IC706 MkIIG]]<br />
*[[Icom IC-746PRO]]<br />
*[[Kenwood TS-440]]<br />
*[[Kenwood TS-480]]<br />
*[[Kenwood TS-590]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/X-FMX-FM2020-12-08T07:01:12Z<p>Redhat: /* Current Status */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:XFM Stereo Swoosh Small.JPG|400px|right|thumb|X-FM's stereo logo.]]<br />
X-FM is a shortwave [[pirate radio station]] broadcasting from North America since 2011. The station began as an FM pirate in the upper midwest of the United States in the early 2000's built mostly from equipment discarded from local radio stations. Redhat, the station announcer, also serves as engineer and program director. Later incarnations of the station on shortwave are co-hosted by The Old Professor, a shortwave pirate himself from the late 90's. The station features new music from genres surrounding alternative rock, indie, electronica, and some selections from the classic rock/stoner era as well. The station is also notable for transmitting Motorola C-QUAM AM stereo, a system introduced in the 1980's to allow commercial AM stations to transmit in stereo. X-FM has been heard in around 10 countries, and verifies all valid reports with eQSL's, or postal QSL's by request.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
X-FM began in the spring of 2003 after Redhat had aquired enough equipment to begin broadcasting. Even early on, the station was fairly well equipped for a pirate, sporting a Harris Stereo 80 console, ITC cart machines, and later an Orban 8100A for processing. The Shows ran for an hour or two on tuesday nights, but the schedule soon began to favor friday nights which afforded the staff more time to broadcast. The early incarnation of the station did not sound much different from other commercial rock stations on the dial. With time, the station began playing deeper cuts of modern rock and alternative albums, and the music mix began to incorporate indie and various forms of electronica. The station slowly began improving its technical operations as well, adding stereo to its FM signal in the fall of 2003, and RDS sometime in 2005. There was also a push to better the stations' coverage, and with the help of some parts discarded by a local radio station, that goal was achieved in the spring of 2005. Early on, the station had aquired a Collins A830-2 hybrid FM exciter with around 12 watts output. This was fed into a J-pole antenna, and later a 2 bay co-linear antenna. At some point, final tubes for the 60's era exciter were become scarce, so from another dumpster, a Harris MS-15 exciter was procured. The unit was in pieces and had a bad driver transistor, but once repairs were complete, the unit was put into service, and raised the stations' TPO to 22 watts. Around 2005 or so, the carcass of a Collins 830D-1A was put back together in a frame made of 2x4's, and the station set sail with almost 500 watts of power. With the sucessful construction of a pair of ring and stub antennas in the summer of 2005, the stations' ERP rose to almost 1KW.<br />
<br />
Despite all the good times, the station choose to close in the spring of 2008 on it's 5th birthday, citing "..that it was best to hang it up, while we still have our ass." The station appeared sporadically thorughout the next few years, surfacing for an occasional coverage check, holiday show, or just for some music to listen to while Redhat drove around town. One contributing factor to the stations decision to close was the apparent lack of interest on the part of the FM audience. Despite having a call-in number, the phone rarely rang, and when it did, it was usually friends of the show, not someone stumbling across the broadcast. Redhat continued streaming his weekly show for a time, but even this eventually stopped.<br />
<br />
== The Birth of Shortwave ==<br />
<br />
Redhat eventually moved on from his sleepy midwestern town. Along the way, He met The Old Professor, whose own tales of shortwave experimentation in the late 90's perked Redhat's interest. That evil grin began to reappear. There was a huge pile of new music that no one was playing. Following the Professor's advice, Redhat started listening to HF pirates in the summer of 2010. Living on the 3rd floor of an apartment building, a full size inverted V was clandestinely strung through the attic late one night, trying not to wake the occupants of the units under his feet. It was difficult to hear much with that antenna, but recordings do exist of Wolverine Radio, and Bust-A-Nut Radio. This was enough persuation to get things going, and Redhat contacted WBNY in hopes of getting some "seat time" in front of the console again while transmission equipment was built and acquired. The Bunny abliged, and several shows were relayed by the WBNY Relay service. Meanwhile, transmissions from the attic dipole occured sporadically throughout the spring of 2011, netting nice reports from a barefoot FT-857. Tensions within the community eventually force the closure of WBNY's relay service, and Redhat and The Old Professor hit the road and began live shows shortly thereafter. By summer, a mil surplus amplifier was sourced, and X-FM was now being heard reliably throughout most of North America, and beyond. By fall, AM experiments had proven worthy enough to retire the Yeasu and begin full-time AM broadcasts.<br />
<br />
== The Road to C-QUAM Stereo ==<br />
<br />
The Old Professor had long since been a fan of AM stereo, and some of this had apparently rubbed off on Redhat. This may have also been influenced by Bust-A-Nut Radio's ID's stating their transmissions were in C-QUAM stereo. Having sourced a Panasonic C-QUAM test signal generator and a stereo modulation monitor along with a few tuners, Redhat began experimenting in the summer of 2011. A QAM modulator was constructed, and a sample recording was posted on the internet. Redhat soon concluded that it would be easier to up-convert the test signal generators' output to the HF spectrum. This up-converter was built in the summer of 2012, and the first test broadcast occured on July 23rd. Two listeners who posted recording were later rewarded with postal QSL's, a mix disc, and a X-FM hoodie. The station has been broadcasting in stereo ever since.<br />
<br />
== Current Status ==<br />
<br />
Following a transmitter failure in the winter of 2016, the station was offline for the better part of the next 18 months. New transmission equipment is in development, and the current transmitter is in a prototype state. Despite this, the station has been active again since the spring of 2018 using the new transmitter. Following the downturn in propagation, the station has begun using frequencies in the 73 meter band during the winter months, and 48 meters in the summer. As of Halloween 2020, the station is again operating in [[C-QUAM]] stereo, and new equipment is being built to replace the prototype transmitter currently in use.<br />
<br />
+-Redhat<br />
[[Category:Pirate radio stations]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/X-FMX-FM2020-12-08T06:59:39Z<p>Redhat: /* Current Status */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:XFM Stereo Swoosh Small.JPG|400px|right|thumb|X-FM's stereo logo.]]<br />
X-FM is a shortwave [[pirate radio station]] broadcasting from North America since 2011. The station began as an FM pirate in the upper midwest of the United States in the early 2000's built mostly from equipment discarded from local radio stations. Redhat, the station announcer, also serves as engineer and program director. Later incarnations of the station on shortwave are co-hosted by The Old Professor, a shortwave pirate himself from the late 90's. The station features new music from genres surrounding alternative rock, indie, electronica, and some selections from the classic rock/stoner era as well. The station is also notable for transmitting Motorola C-QUAM AM stereo, a system introduced in the 1980's to allow commercial AM stations to transmit in stereo. X-FM has been heard in around 10 countries, and verifies all valid reports with eQSL's, or postal QSL's by request.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
X-FM began in the spring of 2003 after Redhat had aquired enough equipment to begin broadcasting. Even early on, the station was fairly well equipped for a pirate, sporting a Harris Stereo 80 console, ITC cart machines, and later an Orban 8100A for processing. The Shows ran for an hour or two on tuesday nights, but the schedule soon began to favor friday nights which afforded the staff more time to broadcast. The early incarnation of the station did not sound much different from other commercial rock stations on the dial. With time, the station began playing deeper cuts of modern rock and alternative albums, and the music mix began to incorporate indie and various forms of electronica. The station slowly began improving its technical operations as well, adding stereo to its FM signal in the fall of 2003, and RDS sometime in 2005. There was also a push to better the stations' coverage, and with the help of some parts discarded by a local radio station, that goal was achieved in the spring of 2005. Early on, the station had aquired a Collins A830-2 hybrid FM exciter with around 12 watts output. This was fed into a J-pole antenna, and later a 2 bay co-linear antenna. At some point, final tubes for the 60's era exciter were become scarce, so from another dumpster, a Harris MS-15 exciter was procured. The unit was in pieces and had a bad driver transistor, but once repairs were complete, the unit was put into service, and raised the stations' TPO to 22 watts. Around 2005 or so, the carcass of a Collins 830D-1A was put back together in a frame made of 2x4's, and the station set sail with almost 500 watts of power. With the sucessful construction of a pair of ring and stub antennas in the summer of 2005, the stations' ERP rose to almost 1KW.<br />
<br />
Despite all the good times, the station choose to close in the spring of 2008 on it's 5th birthday, citing "..that it was best to hang it up, while we still have our ass." The station appeared sporadically thorughout the next few years, surfacing for an occasional coverage check, holiday show, or just for some music to listen to while Redhat drove around town. One contributing factor to the stations decision to close was the apparent lack of interest on the part of the FM audience. Despite having a call-in number, the phone rarely rang, and when it did, it was usually friends of the show, not someone stumbling across the broadcast. Redhat continued streaming his weekly show for a time, but even this eventually stopped.<br />
<br />
== The Birth of Shortwave ==<br />
<br />
Redhat eventually moved on from his sleepy midwestern town. Along the way, He met The Old Professor, whose own tales of shortwave experimentation in the late 90's perked Redhat's interest. That evil grin began to reappear. There was a huge pile of new music that no one was playing. Following the Professor's advice, Redhat started listening to HF pirates in the summer of 2010. Living on the 3rd floor of an apartment building, a full size inverted V was clandestinely strung through the attic late one night, trying not to wake the occupants of the units under his feet. It was difficult to hear much with that antenna, but recordings do exist of Wolverine Radio, and Bust-A-Nut Radio. This was enough persuation to get things going, and Redhat contacted WBNY in hopes of getting some "seat time" in front of the console again while transmission equipment was built and acquired. The Bunny abliged, and several shows were relayed by the WBNY Relay service. Meanwhile, transmissions from the attic dipole occured sporadically throughout the spring of 2011, netting nice reports from a barefoot FT-857. Tensions within the community eventually force the closure of WBNY's relay service, and Redhat and The Old Professor hit the road and began live shows shortly thereafter. By summer, a mil surplus amplifier was sourced, and X-FM was now being heard reliably throughout most of North America, and beyond. By fall, AM experiments had proven worthy enough to retire the Yeasu and begin full-time AM broadcasts.<br />
<br />
== The Road to C-QUAM Stereo ==<br />
<br />
The Old Professor had long since been a fan of AM stereo, and some of this had apparently rubbed off on Redhat. This may have also been influenced by Bust-A-Nut Radio's ID's stating their transmissions were in C-QUAM stereo. Having sourced a Panasonic C-QUAM test signal generator and a stereo modulation monitor along with a few tuners, Redhat began experimenting in the summer of 2011. A QAM modulator was constructed, and a sample recording was posted on the internet. Redhat soon concluded that it would be easier to up-convert the test signal generators' output to the HF spectrum. This up-converter was built in the summer of 2012, and the first test broadcast occured on July 23rd. Two listeners who posted recording were later rewarded with postal QSL's, a mix disc, and a X-FM hoodie. The station has been broadcasting in stereo ever since.<br />
<br />
== Current Status ==<br />
<br />
Following a transmitter failure in the winter of 2016, the station was offline for the better part of the next 18 months. New transmission equipment is in development, and the current transmitter is in a prototype state. Despite this, the station has been active again since the spring of 2018 using the new transmitter. Following the downturn in propagation, the station has begun using frequencies in the 73 meter band during the winter months, and 48 meters in the summer.<br />
<br />
+-Redhat<br />
[[Category:Pirate radio stations]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/List_of_Pirate_Radio_FrequenciesList of Pirate Radio Frequencies2020-12-08T06:56:11Z<p>Redhat: /* HF High Frequency or SW Shortwave Pirate Frequencies */</p>
<hr />
<div>Pirate shortwave broadcasts tend to be on well-known frequencies (or at least relatively small bands that can be quickly scanned with a traditional radio/receiver or watched/recorded with a [[Software Defined Radio|SDR]]). This allows listeners to quickly find a pirate station when it comes on the air, as they only have a relatively few number of fixed places to look. Some of the locations on the HF band that are in frequent use include:<br />
<br />
===HF High Frequency or SW Shortwave Pirate Frequencies===<br />
<br />
By far the most active ranges are 43 meters (6765-7000 kHz), 49/46 meters (6100-6400 kHz) and 70 meters (4000-4100 kHz), with some activity in the 60 meter band (4700-5300 kHz) as well.''<br />
<br />
Last updated: August 2020<br />
<br />
{| class=;wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"|width="500pt"<br />
|1610-1700 kHz <br />
|AM - Mediumwave pirates (see also 1710 kHz and 1720 kHz)<br />
|-<br />
|[[1710]] kHz<br />
|AM - Mediumwave pirates<br />
|-<br />
|1720 kHz<br />
|AM - Mediumwave pirates - known as the "AM pirate clear channel"<br />
|-<br />
|3375 kHz<br />
|AM/USB - used by [[Amphetamine Radio]] <br />
|-<br />
|3390 kHz<br />
|AM/USB - used by [[Old Time Radio]] in February 2019 and March 2019<br />
|-<br />
|3425 kHz <br />
|AM - used by [[The Crystal Ship]] (also reported on 3430)<br />
|-<br />
|3440 kHz <br />
|AM/USB - reported use in 2018<br />
|-<br />
|3465 kHz <br />
|AM - reported use in 2017<br />
|-<br />
|4015 kHz<br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|4020 kHz<br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|4025 kHz<br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|4060 kHz<br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|4065 kHz<br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|4080 kHz<br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|4085 kHz<br />
|AM/[[C-QUAM]] - alternate winter frequency used by [[X-FM]]<br />
|-<br />
|4140 kHz<br />
|AM/USB - used by [[Mix Radio International]]<br />
|-<br />
|4145 kHz<br />
|AM/USB - used by [[Mix Radio International]]<br />
|-<br />
|4185 khz<br />
|AM/[[C-QUAM]] - winter frequency used by [[X-FM]]<br />
|-<br />
|5010 kHz <br />
|AM - used by [[Relay Station]]<br />
|-<br />
|5015 kHz <br />
|AM - used by [[Relay Station]]<br />
|-<br />
|5100 kHz <br />
|AM - reported in use June 2019 <br />
|-<br />
|5150 kHz <br />
|AM - used by [[Relay Station]]<br />
|-<br />
|5200 kHz <br />
|AM - used by [[Relay Station]]<br />
|-<br />
|6150 kHz <br />
|AM - used by European Pirates<br />
|-<br />
|6220 kHz <br />
|Used by Mystery Radio in Europe and other European Pirates (see 49 meters below)<br />
|-<br />
|6285 khz<br />
|AM/[[C-QUAM]] - summer frequency used by [[X-FM]]<br />
|-<br />
|6750 kHz<br />
|AM/SSB - reported in use August 2017 <br />
|-<br />
|6770 kHz<br />
|AM - used by [[Old Time Radio]] or OTR, considered to be OTR's "home channel"<br />
|-<br />
|6780 kHz <br />
|AM/USB - including nearby frequencies 6777 kHz, 6777.7 kHz, 6778 kHz and 6779 kHz<br />
|-<br />
|6790 kHz <br />
|AM/USB - including nearby frequency 6789 kHz<br />
|-<br />
|6805 kHz <br />
|AM/SSB (repored use by UNID Europirates) <br />
|-<br />
|6815 kHz <br />
|AM (repored use by UNID Europirates) <br />
|-<br />
|6840 kHz <br />
|AM <br />
|-<br />
|6850 kHz <br />
|usually AM <br />
|-<br />
|6855 kHz <br />
|usually AM <br />
|-<br />
|6868 kHz <br />
|AM/USB - noted use by Mix Radio International (May 2019)<br />
|-<br />
|6870 kHz <br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|6875 kHz <br />
|usually AM - noted use by [[The Crystal Ship]] (often 6876 kHz or similar close frequencies)<br />
|-<br />
|6880 kHz <br />
|usually AM - used by [[Relay Station]] (noted use in late 2018)<br />
|-<br />
|6885 kHz <br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|6886 kHz <br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|6888 kHz <br />
|usually AM - noted use by [[Unknown Name Radio Network]]<br />
|-<br />
|6890 kHz <br />
|AM/USB <br />
|-<br />
|6900 kHz <br />
|usually AM, although 6900 LSB and 6900 USB are both heavily used by Spanish-speaking "[[Pescadores|peskies]]"<br />
|-<br />
|6905 kHz <br />
|AM - noted use by Unknown Name Radio Network, another commonly use pescadore frequency in LSB mode<br />
|-<br />
|6910 kHz <br />
|AM/USB - Used by [[Seven Trees Radio]] and [[Clever Name Radio]]<br />
|-<br />
|6915 kHz <br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|6920 kHz <br />
|AM/USB <br />
|-<br />
|6923 kHz <br />
|AM/USB - used by [[Amphetamine Radio]], [[Fess Parker Radio]], [[Yeah Man Radio]] and others <br />
|-<br />
|6925 kHz <br />
|most common frequency - virtually all modes have been heard +/- 1-2 kHz ''Many pirate radio listeners park receivers on 6925 kHz.''<br />
|-<br />
|6927 kHz <br />
|AM - noted use by [[Yeti Radio]] in 2018<br />
|-<br />
|6930 kHz <br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|6935 kHz <br />
|AM/USB - Latin American pirates can also be heard here (i.e. [[AD149]] on 6934.8 kHz or 6934.9 kHz AM)<br />
|-<br />
|6940 kHz <br />
|AM/USB - noted use by [[Clever Name Radio]]<br />
|-<br />
|6945 kHz <br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|6950 kHz <br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|6955 kHz <br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|6960 kHz <br />
|AM/USB - noted use by [[Radio Illuminati]]<br />
|-<br />
|6965 kHz <br />
|AM/USB<br />
|-<br />
|6969 kHz <br />
|LSB/USB - Used by [[Cold Country Canada]] and others <br />
|-<br />
|6970 kHz <br />
|AM <br />
|-<br />
|6973 kHz <br />
|AM - Latin American pirates can also be heard here, specifically Lupo Radio <br />
|-<br />
|6975 kHz <br />
|AM/USB - often used by [[X-FM]] (also heard on 6970)<br />
|-<br />
|6985 kHz <br />
|AM - Latin American pirates <br />
|-<br />
|6995 kHz <br />
|AM/SSB - noted used by [[KUNT]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[7415]] kHz <br />
|historically, an extremely active frequency, more recently occupied by [[WBCQ]]<br />
|-<br />
|7425 kHz <br />
|historically, an extremely active frequency prior to the movement down to 43 meters<br />
|-<br />
|7465 kHz <br />
|AM - noted use by [[YHWH]] religious pirate<br />
|-<br />
|7470 kHz <br />
|AM - noted use by [[YHWH]] religious pirate (June 2019)<br />
|-<br />
|7480 kHz <br />
|AM - noted use by [[YHWH]] religious pirate (May 2019)<br />
|-<br />
|13560 kHz<br />
|AM - [[Old Time Radio]] daytime frequency - logged June 2019 <br />
|-<br />
|15070 kHz <br />
|active in the early 1990's by [[Europirates]] and pirates in North America, but recently quiet due to the low solar cycle <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
While 6925 and nearby frequencies remain popular, the above chart makes very clear that numerous other frequencies have become more active in recent years. Frequencies around 5100-5200 khz (58 meters) and 4000-4200 khz (70 meters) have become more and more common. These ranges are not exclusive to US pirates - Europirates and even some Latin Americans have shown up in these ranges. Recently Europirates have shown up in the 3900-3950 khz band - this is the 75 Meter amateur phone band. Some have even shown in in the [https://www.dxing.com/tuning.htm SWBC] bands, including 49, 31 and 25 meters. <br />
<br />
A good place to look to get an idea of what frequencies are in current use is the HF Underground Shortwave Pirate logging section. and some stations will also announce a broadcast ahead of time on the [https://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,28.0.html HFU Broadcast Announcements] section.<br />
<br />
*[https://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,3.0.html HFU US Pirate Loggings]<br />
*[https://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,12.0.html HFU EuroPirate Loggings]<br />
<br />
===Previously Active Pirate Radio Frequencies===<br />
*1616 - Used by AM pirates in the 1970s and 1980s<br />
*1620 - Used by AM pirates in the 1970s and 1980s<br />
*1625 - Used by AM pirates in the 1970s and 1980s<br />
*1630 - Used by AM pirates in the 1970s and 1980s<br />
*6250 - Used in the 1980s<br />
*6840 - Used [[Voice of the Voyager]] and others in the 1980s<br />
*7425 - The most popular pirate frequency in the early 1980s.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Latin American Pirate Frequencies===<br />
<br />
See also: [[Pescadores|pescadores, peskies and freebanders]] <br />
<br />
The 43 meter band (6750-7000 kHz) is also heavily used by so-called "peskies" (a play on the Spanish term "pescadores - meaning "fishermen"), stations engaging in two-way radio chatter in Portuguese, Spanish and other languages (including English). Peskies generally use LSB mode. 6925 kHz LSB is one of the most active [[Pescadores|peskie frequencies]], which can cause serious interference issues for pirates operating in AM mode on 6925 kHz or adjacent frequencies. The area around 6900 kHz (including 6895 kHz and 6905 kHz) are also heavily used by Spanish-speaking stations in both USB and LSB modes. Other pirates deliberately interfere with pescadore/freebander communications. There are indications that some, if not most, of the so-called "peskies" are actually land-based stations operating on bootleg frequencies, much like [[11_meter|11 meter]] freebanders operate [[11_meter#Freeband_11_Meter_Frequencies_and_Bands|above and below]] the [[CB#US_.22FCC.22_.22CEPT.22_or_.22mid_band.22_CB_Frequencies|legal]] 40-channel [[CB]] band. The "peskies' have shown up in the following places;<br />
<br />
*9500-10200 kHz <br />
*7400-8100 kHz<br />
*6765-7000 kHz <br />
*5000-6300 kHz <br />
<br />
You can find loggings of Latin American Pirates [https://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,39.0.html here].<br />
<br />
; Some examples of Latin American Pirates<br />
*8000 kHz - Radio Casa <br />
*6925.1 kHz - RCW Chile<br />
*6930 kHz - Radio Pirana (slightly drifty carrier, heard on 6930.1 kHz<br />
*6934.9 kHz - AD149 (slightly drifty carrier, 6934.8 kHz, 6934.9 kHz, 6935 kHz)<br />
<br />
<br />
---<br />
*Return to [[Pirate Radio New Listener Guide and FAQ]]<br />
*Return to [[Where Can I Find Pirate Activity]]<br />
*Go to [[Pirate radio stations]]<br />
*Go to [[A Brief Survey of HF Receiving Equipment]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: Pirate radio esoterica]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/X-FMX-FM2019-03-11T19:20:59Z<p>Redhat: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:XFM Stereo Swoosh Small.JPG|400px|right|thumb|X-FM's stereo logo.]]<br />
X-FM is a shortwave pirate radio station broadcasting from North America since 2011. The station began as an FM pirate in the upper midwest of the United States in the early 2000's built mostly from equipment discarded from local radio stations. Redhat, the station announcer, also serves as engineer and program director. Later incarnations of the station on shortwave are co-hosted by The Old Professor, a shortwave pirate himself from the late 90's. The station features new music from genres surrounding alternative rock, indie, electronica, and some selections from the classic rock/stoner era as well. The station is also notable for transmitting Motorola C-QUAM AM stereo, a system introduced in the 1980's to allow commercial AM stations to transmit in stereo. X-FM has been heard in around 10 countries, and verifies all valid reports with eQSL's, or postal QSL's by request.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
X-FM began in the spring of 2003 after Redhat had aquired enough equipment to begin broadcasting. Even early on, the station was fairly well equipped for a pirate, sporting a Harris Stereo 80 console, ITC cart machines, and later an Orban 8100A for processing. The Shows ran for an hour or two on tuesday nights, but the schedule soon began to favor friday nights which afforded the staff more time to broadcast. The early incarnation of the station did not sound much different from other commercial rock stations on the dial. With time, the station began playing deeper cuts of modern rock and alternative albums, and the music mix began to incorporate indie and various forms of electronica. The station slowly began improving its technical operations as well, adding stereo to its FM signal in the fall of 2003, and RDS sometime in 2005. There was also a push to better the stations' coverage, and with the help of some parts discarded by a local radio station, that goal was achieved in the spring of 2005. Early on, the station had aquired a Collins A830-2 hybrid FM exciter with around 12 watts output. This was fed into a J-pole antenna, and later a 2 bay co-linear antenna. At some point, final tubes for the 60's era exciter were become scarce, so from another dumpster, a Harris MS-15 exciter was procured. The unit was in pieces and had a bad driver transistor, but once repairs were complete, the unit was put into service, and raised the stations' TPO to 22 watts. Around 2005 or so, the carcass of a Collins 830D-1A was put back together in a frame made of 2x4's, and the station set sail with almost 500 watts of power. With the sucessful construction of a pair of ring and stub antennas in the summer of 2005, the stations' ERP rose to almost 1KW.<br />
<br />
Despite all the good times, the station choose to close in the spring of 2008 on it's 5th birthday, citing "..that it was best to hang it up, while we still have our ass." The station appeared sporadically thorughout the next few years, surfacing for an occasional coverage check, holiday show, or just for some music to listen to while Redhat drove around town. One contributing factor to the stations decision to close was the apparent lack of interest on the part of the FM audience. Despite having a call-in number, the phone rarely rang, and when it did, it was usually friends of the show, not someone stumbling across the broadcast. Redhat continued streaming his weekly show for a time, but even this eventually stopped.<br />
<br />
== The Birth of Shortwave ==<br />
<br />
Redhat eventually moved on from his sleepy midwestern town. Along the way, He met The Old Professor, whose own tales of shortwave experimentation in the late 90's perked Redhat's interest. That evil grin began to reappear. There was a huge pile of new music that no one was playing. Following the Professor's advice, Redhat started listening to HF pirates in the summer of 2010. Living on the 3rd floor of an apartment building, a full size inverted V was clandestinely strung through the attic late one night, trying not to wake the occupants of the units under his feet. It was difficult to hear much with that antenna, but recordings do exist of Wolverine Radio, and Bust-A-Nut Radio. This was enough persuation to get things going, and Redhat contacted WBNY in hopes of getting some "seat time" in front of the console again while transmission equipment was built and acquired. The Bunny abliged, and several shows were relayed by the WBNY Relay service. Meanwhile, transmissions from the attic dipole occured sporadically throughout the spring of 2011, netting nice reports from a barefoot FT-857. Tensions within the community eventually force the closure of WBNY's relay service, and Redhat and The Old Professor hit the road and began live shows shortly thereafter. By summer, a mil surplus amplifier was sourced, and X-FM was now being heard reliably throughout most of North America, and beyond. By fall, AM experiments had proven worthy enough to retire the Yeasu and begin full-time AM broadcasts.<br />
<br />
== The Road to C-QUAM Stereo ==<br />
<br />
The Old Professor had long since been a fan of AM stereo, and some of this had apparently rubbed off on Redhat. This may have also been influenced by Bust-A-Nut Radio's ID's stating their transmissions were in C-QUAM stereo. Having sourced a Panasonic C-QUAM test signal generator and a stereo modulation monitor along with a few tuners, Redhat began experimenting in the summer of 2011. A QAM modulator was constructed, and a sample recording was posted on the internet. Redhat soon concluded that it would be easier to up-convert the test signal generators' output to the HF spectrum. This up-converter was built in the summer of 2012, and the first test broadcast occured on July 23rd. Two listeners who posted recording were later rewarded with postal QSL's, a mix disc, and a X-FM hoodie. The station has been broadcasting in stereo ever since.<br />
<br />
== Current Status ==<br />
<br />
Following a transmitter failure in the winter of 2016, the station was offline for the better part of the next 18 months. New transmission equipment is in development, and the current transmitter is in a prototype state. Despite this, the station has been active again since the spring of 2018 using the new transmitter. Also following the downturn in propagation, the station has begun using frequencies in the 73 meter band during the winter months of the year, and is currently in the process of finding a new summer frequency range.<br />
<br />
+-Redhat<br />
[[Category:Pirate radio stations]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/X-FMX-FM2014-08-08T23:08:50Z<p>Redhat: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:XFM Stereo Swoosh Small.JPG|400px|right|thumb|X-FM's stereo logo.]]<br />
X-FM is a shortwave pirate radio station broadcasting from North America since 2011. The station began as an FM pirate in the upper midwest of the United States in the early 2000's built mostly from equipment discarded from local radio stations. Redhat, the station announcer, also serves as engineer and program director. Later incarnations of the station on shortwave are co-hosted by The Old Professor, a shortwave pirate himself from the late 90's. The station features new music from genres surrounding alternative rock, indie, electronica, and some selections from the classic rock/stoner era as well. The station is also notable for transmitting Motorola C-QUAM AM stereo, a system introduced in the 1980's to allow commercial AM stations to transmit in stereo. X-FM has been heard in around 9 countries, and verifies all valid reports with eQSL's.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
X-FM began in the spring of 2003 after Redhat had aquired enough equipment to begin broadcasting. Even early on, the station was fairly well equipped for a pirate, sporting a Harris Stereo 80 console, ITC cart machines, and later an Orban 8100A for processing. The Shows ran for an hour or two on tuesday nights, but the schedule soon began to favor friday nights which afforded the staff more time to broadcast. The early incarnation of the station did not sound much different from other commercial rock stations on the dial. With time, the station began playing deeper cuts of modern rock and alternative albums, and the music mix began to incorporate indie and various forms of electronica. The station slowly began improving its technical operations as well, adding stereo to its FM signal in the fall of 2003, and RDS sometime in 2005. There was also a push to better the stations' coverage, and with the help of some parts discarded by a local radio station, that goal was achieved in the spring of 2005. Early on, the station had aquired a Collins A830-2 hybrid FM exciter with around 12 watts output. This was fed into a J-pole antenna, and later a 2 bay co-linear antenna. At some point, final tubes for the 60's era exciter were become scarce, so from another dumpster, a Harris MS-15 exciter was procured. The unit was in pieces and had a bad driver transistor, but once repairs were complete, the unit was put into service, and raised the stations' TPO to 22 watts. Around 2005 or so, the carcass of a Collins 830D-1A was put back together in a frame made of 2x4's, and the station set sail with almost 500 watts of power. With the sucessful construction of a pair of ring and stub antennas in the summer of 2005, the stations' ERP rose to almost 1KW.<br />
<br />
Despite all the good times, the station choose to close in the spring of 2008 on it's 5th birthday, citing "..that it was best to hang it up, while we still have our ass." The station appeared sporadically thorughout the next few years, surfacing for an occasional coverage check, holiday show, or just for some music to listen to while Redhat drove around town. One contributing factor to the stations decision to close was the apparent lack of interest on the part of the FM audience. Despite having a call-in number, the phone rarely rang, and when it did, it was usually friends of the show, not someone stumbling across the broadcast. Redhat continued streaming his weekly show for a time, but even this eventually stopped.<br />
<br />
== The Birth of Shortwave ==<br />
<br />
Redhat eventually moved on from his sleepy midwestern town. Along the way, He met The Old Professor, whose own tales of shortwave experimentation in the late 90's perked Redhat's interest. That evil grin began to reappear. There was a huge pile of new music that no one was playing. Following the Professor's advice, Redhat started listening to HF pirates in the summer of 2010. Living on the 3rd floor of an apartment building, a full size inverted V was clandestinely strung through the attic late one night, trying not to wake the occupants of the units under his feet. It was difficult to hear much with that antenna, but recordings do exist of Wolverine Radio, and Bust-A-Nut Radio. This was enough persuation to get things going, and Redhat contacted WBNY in hopes of getting some "seat time" in front of the console again while transmission equipment was built and acquired. The Bunny abliged, and several shows were relayed by the WBNY Relay service. Meanwhile, transmissions from the attic dipole occured sporadically throughout the spring of 2011, netting nice reports from a barefoot FT-857. Tensions within the community eventually force the closure of WBNY's relay service, and Redhat and The Old Professor hit the road and began live shows shortly thereafter. By summer, a mil surplus amplifier was sourced, and X-FM was now being heard reliably throughout most of North America, and beyond. By fall, AM experiments had proven worthy enough to retire the Yeasu and begin full-time AM broadcasts.<br />
<br />
== The Road to C-QUAM Stereo ==<br />
<br />
The Old Professor had long since been a fan of AM stereo, and some of this had apparently rubbed off on Redhat. This may have also been influenced by Bust-A-Nut Radio's ID's stating their transmissions were in C-QUAM stereo. Having sourced a Panasonic C-QUAM test signal generator and a stereo modulation monitor along with a few tuners, Redhat began experimenting in the summer of 2011. A QAM modulator was constructed, and a sample recording was posted on the internet. Redhat soon concluded that it would be easier to up-convert the test signal generators' output to the HF spectrum. This up-converter was built in the summer of 2012, and the first test broadcast occured on July 23rd. Two listeners who posted recording were later rewarded with postal QSL's, a mix disc, and a X-FM hoodie. The station has been broadcasting in stereo ever since.<br />
<br />
+-Redhat<br />
[[Category:Pirate radio stations]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/X-FMX-FM2014-08-08T23:08:17Z<p>Redhat: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:XFM Stereo Swoosh Small.JPG|400px|right|thumb|X-FM's stereo logo.]]<br />
X-FM is a shortwave pirate radio station broadcasting from North America since 2011. The station began as an FM pirate in the upper midwest of the United States in the early 2000's built mostly from equipment discarded from local radio stations. Redhat, the station announcer, also serves as engineer and program director. Later incarnations of the station on shortwave are co-hosted by The Old Professor, a shortwave pirate himself from the late 90's. The station features new music from genres surrounding alternative rock, indie, electronica, and some selections from the classic rock/stoner era as well. The station is also notable for transmitting Motorola C-QUAM AM stereo, a system introduced in the 1980's to allow commercial AM stations to transmit in stereo. X-FM has been heard in around 9 countries, and verifies all valid reports with eQSL's.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
X-FM began in the spring of 2003 after Redhat had aquired enough equipment to begin broadcasting. Even early on, the station was fairly well equipped for a pirate, sporting a Harris Stereo 80 console, ITC cart machines, and later an Orban 8100A fro processing. The Shows ran for an hour or two on tuesday nights, but the schedule soon began to favor friday nights which afforded the staff more time to broadcast. The early incarnation of the station did not sound much different from other commercial rock stations on the dial. With time, the station began playing deeper cuts of modern rock and alternative albums, and the music mix began to incorporate indie and various forms of electronica. The station slowly began improving its technical operations as well, adding stereo to its FM signal in the fall of 2003, and RDS sometime in 2005. There was also a push to better the stations' coverage, and with the help of some parts discarded by a local radio station, that goal was achieved in the spring of 2005. Early on, the station had aquired a Collins A830-2 hybrid FM exciter with around 12 watts output. This was fed into a J-pole antenna, and later a 2 bay co-linear antenna. At some point, final tubes for the 60's era exciter were become scarce, so from another dumpster, a Harris MS-15 exciter was procured. The unit was in pieces and had a bad driver transistor, but once repairs were complete, the unit was put into service, and raised the stations' TPO to 22 watts. Around 2005 or so, the carcass of a Collins 830D-1A was put back together in a frame made of 2x4's, and the station set sail with almost 500 watts of power. With the sucessful construction of a pair of ring and stub antennas in the summer of 2005, the stations' ERP rose to almost 1KW.<br />
<br />
Despite all the good times, the station choose to close in the spring of 2008 on it's 5th birthday, citing "..that it was best to hang it up, while we still have our ass." The station appeared sporadically thorughout the next few years, surfacing for an occasional coverage check, holiday show, or just for some music to listen to while Redhat drove around town. One contributing factor to the stations decision to close was the apparent lack of interest on the part of the FM audience. Despite having a call-in number, the phone rarely rang, and when it did, it was usually friends of the show, not someone stumbling across the broadcast. Redhat continued streaming his weekly show for a time, but even this eventually stopped.<br />
<br />
== The Birth of Shortwave ==<br />
<br />
Redhat eventually moved on from his sleepy midwestern town. Along the way, He met The Old Professor, whose own tales of shortwave experimentation in the late 90's perked Redhat's interest. That evil grin began to reappear. There was a huge pile of new music that no one was playing. Following the Professor's advice, Redhat started listening to HF pirates in the summer of 2010. Living on the 3rd floor of an apartment building, a full size inverted V was clandestinely strung through the attic late one night, trying not to wake the occupants of the units under his feet. It was difficult to hear much with that antenna, but recordings do exist of Wolverine Radio, and Bust-A-Nut Radio. This was enough persuation to get things going, and Redhat contacted WBNY in hopes of getting some "seat time" in front of the console again while transmission equipment was built and acquired. The Bunny abliged, and several shows were relayed by the WBNY Relay service. Meanwhile, transmissions from the attic dipole occured sporadically throughout the spring of 2011, netting nice reports from a barefoot FT-857. Tensions within the community eventually force the closure of WBNY's relay service, and Redhat and The Old Professor hit the road and began live shows shortly thereafter. By summer, a mil surplus amplifier was sourced, and X-FM was now being heard reliably throughout most of North America, and beyond. By fall, AM experiments had proven worthy enough to retire the Yeasu and begin full-time AM broadcasts.<br />
<br />
== The Road to C-QUAM Stereo ==<br />
<br />
The Old Professor had long since been a fan of AM stereo, and some of this had apparently rubbed off on Redhat. This may have also been influenced by Bust-A-Nut Radio's ID's stating their transmissions were in C-QUAM stereo. Having sourced a Panasonic C-QUAM test signal generator and a stereo modulation monitor along with a few tuners, Redhat began experimenting in the summer of 2011. A QAM modulator was constructed, and a sample recording was posted on the internet. Redhat soon concluded that it would be easier to up-convert the test signal generators' output to the HF spectrum. This up-converter was built in the summer of 2012, and the first test broadcast occured on July 23rd. Two listeners who posted recording were later rewarded with postal QSL's, a mix disc, and a X-FM hoodie. The station has been broadcasting in stereo ever since.<br />
<br />
+-Redhat<br />
[[Category:Pirate radio stations]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/X-FMX-FM2014-08-08T23:06:55Z<p>Redhat: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:XFM Stereo Swoosh Small.JPG|400px|right|thumb|X-FM's stereo logo.]]<br />
X-FM is a shortwave pirate radio station broadcasting from North America since 2011. The station began as an FM pirate in the upper midwest of the United States in the early 2000's built mostly from equipment discarded from local radio stations. Redhat, the station announcer, also serves as engineer and program director. Later incarnations of the station on shortwave are co-hosted by The Old Professor, a shortwave pirate himself from the late 90's. The station features new music from genres surrounding alternative rock, indie, electronica, and some selections from the classic rock/stoner era as well. The station is also notable for transmitting Motorola C-QUAM AM stereo, a system introduced in the 1980's to allow commercial AM stations to transmit in stereo. X-FM has been heard in around 9 countries, and verifies all valid reports with eQSL's.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
X-FM began in the spring of 2003 after Redhat had aquired enough equipment to begin broadcasting. Even early on, the station was fairly well equipped for a pirate, sporting a Harris Stereo 80 console, and ITC cart machines. The Shows ran for an hour or two on tuesday nights, but the schedule soon began to favor friday nights which afforded the staff more time to broadcast. The early incarnation of the station did not sound much different from other commercial rock stations on the dial. With time, the station began playing deeper cuts of modern rock and alternative albums, and the music mix began to incorporate indie and various forms of electronica. The station slowly began improving its technical operations as well, adding stereo to its FM signal in the fall of 2003, and RDS sometime in 2005. There was also a push to better the stations' coverage, and with the help of some parts discarded by a local radio station, that goal was achieved in the spring of 2005. Early on, the station had aquired a Collins A830-2 hybrid FM exciter with around 12 watts output. This was fed into a J-pole antenna, and later a 2 bay co-linear antenna. At some point, final tubes for the 60's era exciter were become scarce, so from another dumpster, a Harris MS-15 exciter was procured. The unit was in pieces and had a bad driver transistor, but once repairs were complete, the unit was put into service, and raised the stations' TPO to 22 watts. Around 2005 or so, the carcass of a Collins 830D-1A was put back together in a frame made of 2x4's, and the station set sail with almost 500 watts of power. With the sucessful construction of a pair of ring and stub antennas in the summer of 2005, the stations' ERP rose to almost 1KW.<br />
<br />
Despite all the good times, the station choose to close in the spring of 2008 on it's 5th birthday, citing "..that it was best to hang it up, while we still have our ass." The station appeared sporadically thorughout the next few years, surfacing for an occasional coverage check, holiday show, or just for some music to listen to while Redhat drove around town. One contributing factor to the stations decision to close was the apparent lack of interest on the part of the FM audience. Despite having a call-in number, the phone rarely rang, and when it did, it was usually friends of the show, not someone stumbling across the broadcast. Redhat continued streaming his weekly show for a time, but even this eventually stopped.<br />
<br />
<br />
== The Birth of Shortwave ==<br />
<br />
Redhat eventually moved on from his sleepy midwestern town. Along the way, He met The Old Professor, whose own tales of shortwave experimentation in the late 90's perked Redhat's interest. That evil grin began to reappear. There was a huge pile of new music that no one was playing. Following the Professor's advice, Redhat started listening to HF pirates in the summer of 2010. Living on the 3rd floor of an apartment building, a full size inverted V was clandestinely strung through the attic late one night, trying not to wake the occupants of the units under his feet. It was difficult to hear much with that antenna, but recordings do exist of Wolverine Radio, and Bust-A-Nut Radio. This was enough persuation to get things going, and Redhat contacted WBNY in hopes of getting some "seat time" in front of the console again while transmission equipment was built and acquired. The Bunny abliged, and several shows were relayed by the WBNY Relay service. Meanwhile, transmissions from the attic dipole occured sporadically throughout the spring of 2011, netting nice reports from a barefoot FT-857. Tensions within the community eventually force the closure of WBNY's relay service, and Redhat and The Old Professor hit the road and began live shows shortly thereafter. By summer, a mil surplus amplifier was sourced, and X-FM was now being heard reliably throughout most of North America, and beyond. By fall, AM experiments had proven worthy enough to retire the Yeasu and begin full-time AM broadcasts.<br />
<br />
== The Road to C-QUAM Stereo ==<br />
<br />
The Old Professor had long since been a fan of AM stereo, and some of this had apparently rubbed off on Redhat. This may have also been influenced by Bust-A-Nut Radio's ID's stating their transmissions were in C-QUAM stereo. Having sourced a Panasonic C-QUAM test signal generator and a stereo modulation monitor along with a few tuners, Redhat began experimenting in the summer of 2011. A QAM modulator was constructed, and a sample recording was posted on the internet. Redhat soon concluded that it would be easier to up-convert the test signal generators' output to the HF spectrum. This up-converter was built in the summer of 2012, and the first test broadcast occured on July 23rd. Two listeners who posted recording were later rewarded with postal QSL's, a mix disc, and a X-FM hoodie. The station has been broadcasting in stereo ever since.<br />
<br />
+-Redhat<br />
[[Category:Pirate radio stations]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/X-FMX-FM2014-07-13T19:56:35Z<p>Redhat: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:XFM Stereo Swoosh Small.JPG|400px|right|thumb|X-FM's stereo logo.]]<br />
X-FM is a shortwave pirate radio station broadcasting from North America since 2011. The station began as an FM pirate in the upper midwest of the United States in the early 2000's built mostly from equipment discarded from local radio stations. Redhat, the station announcer, also serves as engineer and program director. Later incarnations of the station on shortwave are co-hosted by The Old Professor, a shortwave pirate himself from the late 90's. The station features new music from genres surrounding alternative rock, indie, electronica, and some selections from the classic rock/stoner era as well. The station is also notable for transmitting Motorola C-QUAM AM stereo, a system introduced in the 1980's to allow commercial AM stations to transmit in stereo. X-FM has also experimented briefly with DRM. X-FM has been heard in around 9 countries, and verifies all valid reports with eQSL's.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
X-FM began in the spring of 2003 after Redhat had aquired enough equipment to begin broadcasting. Even early on, the station was fairly well equipped for a pirate, sporting a Harris Stereo 80 console, and ITC cart machines. The Shows ran for an hour or two on tuesday nights, but the schedule soon began to favor friday nights which afforded the staff more time to broadcast. The early incarnation of the station did not sound much different from other commercial rock stations on the dial. With time, the station began playing deeper cuts of modern rock and alternative albums, and the music mix began to incorporate indie and various forms of electronica. The station slowly began improving its technical operations as well, adding stereo to its FM signal in the fall of 2003, and RDS sometime in 2005. There was also a push to better the stations' coverage, and with the help of some parts discarded by a local radio station, that goal was achieved in the spring of 2005. Early on, the station had aquired a Collins A830-2 hybrid FM exciter with around 12 watts output. This was fed into a J-pole antenna, and later a 2 bay co-linear antenna. At some point, final tubes for the 60's era exciter were become scarce, so from another dumpster, a Harris MS-15 exciter was procured. The unit was in pieces and had a bad driver transistor, but once repairs were complete, the unit was put into service, and raised the stations' TPO to 22 watts. Around 2005 or so, the carcass of a Collins 830D-1A was put back together in a frame made of 2x4's, and the station set sail with almost 500 watts of power. With the sucessful construction of a pair of ring and stub antennas in the summer of 2005, the stations' ERP rose to almost 1KW.<br />
<br />
Despite all the good times, the station choose to close in the spring of 2008 on it's 5th birthday, citing "..that it was best to hang it up, while we still have our ass." The station appeared sporadically thorughout the next few years, surfacing for an occasional coverage check, holiday show, or just for some music to listen to while Redhat drove around town. One contributing factor to the stations decision to close was the apparent lack of interest on the part of the FM audience. Despite having a call-in number, the phone rarely rang, and when it did, it was usually friends of the show, not someone stumbling across the broadcast. Redhat continued streaming his weekly show for a time, but even this eventually stopped.<br />
<br />
<br />
== The Birth of Shortwave ==<br />
<br />
Redhat eventually moved on from his sleepy midwestern town. Along the way, He met The Old Professor, whose own tales of shortwave experimentation in the late 90's perked Redhat's interest. That evil grin began to reappear. There was a huge pile of new music that no one was playing. Following the Professor's advice, Redhat started listening to HF pirates in the summer of 2010. Living on the 3rd floor of an apartment building, a full size inverted V was clandestinely strung through the attic late one night, trying not to wake the occupants of the units under his feet. It was difficult to hear much with that antenna, but recordings do exist of Wolverine Radio, and Bust-A-Nut Radio. This was enough persuation to get things going, and Redhat contacted WBNY in hopes of getting some "seat time" in front of the console again while transmission equipment was built and acquired. The Bunny abliged, and several shows were relayed by the WBNY Relay service. Meanwhile, transmissions from the attic dipole occured sporadically throughout the spring of 2011, netting nice reports from a barefoot FT-857. Tensions within the community eventually force the closure of WBNY's relay service, and Redhat and The Old Professor hit the road and began live shows shortly thereafter. By summer, a mil surplus amplifier was sourced, and X-FM was now being heard reliably throughout most of North America, and beyond. By fall, AM experiments had proven worthy enough to retire the Yeasu and begin full-time AM broadcasts.<br />
<br />
== The Road to C-QUAM Stereo ==<br />
<br />
The Old Professor had long since been a fan of AM stereo, and some of this had apparently rubbed off on Redhat. This may have also been influenced by Bust-A-Nut Radio's ID's stating their transmissions were in C-QUAM stereo. Having sourced a Panasonic C-QUAM test signal generator and a stereo modulation monitor along with a few tuners, Redhat began experimenting in the summer of 2011. A QAM modulator was constructed, and a sample recording was posted on the internet. Redhat soon concluded that it would be easier to up-convert the test signal generators' output to the HF spectrum. This up-converter was built in the summer of 2012, and the first test broadcast occured on July 23rd. Two listeners who posted recording were later rewarded with postal QSL's, a mix disc, and a X-FM hoodie. The station has been broadcasting in stereo ever since.<br />
<br />
+-Redhat<br />
[[Category:Pirate radio stations]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/X-FMX-FM2014-07-13T08:03:50Z<p>Redhat: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:XFM Stereo Swoosh Small.JPG|400px|right|thumb|X-FM's stereo logo.]]<br />
X-FM is a shortwave pirate radio station broadcasting from North America since 2011. The station began as an FM pirate in the upper midwest of the United States in the early 2000's built mostly from equipment discarded from local radio stations. Redhat, the station announcer, also serves as engineer and program director. Later incarnations of the station on shortwave are co-hosted by The Old Professor, a shortwave pirate himself from the late 90's. The station features new music from genres surrounding alternative rock, indie, electronica, and some selections from the classic rock/stoner era as well. The station is also notable for transmitting Motorola C-QUAM AM stereo, a system introduced in the 1980's to allow commercial AM stations to transmit in stereo. X-FM has also experimented briefly with DRM. X-FM has been heard in around 9 countries, and verifies all valid reports with eQSL's.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
X-FM began in the spring of 2003 after Redhat had aquired enough equipment to begin broadcasting. Even early on, the station was fairly well equipped for a pirate, sporting a Harris Stereo 80 console, and ITC cart machines. The Shows ran for an hour or two on tuesday nights, but the schedule soon began to favor friday nights which afforded the staff more time to broadcast. The early incarnation of the station did not sound much different from other commercial rock stations on the dial. With time, the station began playing deeper cuts of modern rock and alternative albums, and the music mix began to incorporate indie and various forms of electronica. The station slowly began improving its technical operations as well, adding stereo to its FM signal in the fall of 2003, and RDS sometime in 2005. There was also a push to better the stations' coverage, and with the help of some parts discarded by a local radio station, that goal was achieved in the spring of 2005. Early on, the station had aquired a Collins A830-2 hybrid FM exciter with around 12 watts output. This was fed into a J-pole antenna, and later a 2 bay co-linear antenna. At some point, final tubes for the 60's era exciter were become scarce, so from another dumpster, a Harris MS-15 exciter was procured. The unit was in pieces and had a bad driver transistor, but once repairs were complete, the unit was put into service, and raised the stations' TPO to 22 watts. Around 2005 or so, the carcass of a Collins 830D-1A was put back together in a frame made of 2x4's, and the station set sail with almost 500 watts of power. With the sucessful construction of a pair of ring and stub antennas in the summer of 2005, the stations' ERP rose to almost 1KW.<br />
<br />
Despite all the good times, the station choose to close in the spring of 2008 on it's 5th birthday, citing "..that it was best to hang it up, while we still have our ass." The station appeared sporadically thorughout the next few years, surfacing for an occasional coverage check, holiday show, or just for some music to listen to while Redhat drove around town. One contributing factor to the stations decision to close was the apparent lack of interest on the part of the FM audience. Despite having a call-in number, the phone rarely rang, and when it did, it was usually friends of the show, not someone stumbling across the broadcast. Redhat continued streaming his weekly show for a time, but even this eventually stopped.<br />
<br />
<br />
== The Birth of Shortwave ==<br />
<br />
Redhat eventually moved on from his sleepy midwestern town. Along the way, He met The Old Professor, whose own tales of shortwave experimentation in the late 90's perked Redhat's interest. That evil grin began to reappear. There was a huge pile of new music that no one was playing. Following the Professor's advice, Redhat started listening to HF pirates in the summer of 2010. Living on the 3rd floor of an apartment building, a full size inverted V was clandestinely strung through the attic late one night, trying not to wake the occupants of the units under his feet. It was difficult to hear much with that antenna, but recordings do exist of Wolverine Radio, and Bust-A-Nut Radio. This was enough persuation to get things going, and Redhat contacted WBNY in hopes of getting some "seat time" in front of the console again while transmission equipment was built and acquired. The Bunny abliged, and several shows were relayed by the WBNY Relay service. Meanwhile, transmissions from the attic dipole occured sporadically throughout the spring of 2011, netting nice reports from a barefoot FT-857. Tensions within the community eventually force the closure of WBNY's relay service, and Redhat and The Old Professor hit the road and began live shows shortly thereafter. By summer, a mil surplus amplifier was sourced, and X-FM was now being heard reliably throughout most of North America, and beyond. By fall, AM experiments had proven worthy enough to retire the Yeasu and begin full-time AM broadcasts.<br />
<br />
== The Road to C-QUAM Stereo ==<br />
<br />
The Old Professor had long since been a fan of AM stereo, and some of this had apparently rubbed off on Redhat. This may have also been influenced by Bust-A-Nut Radio's ID's stating their transmissions were in C-QUAM stereo. Having sourced a Panasonic C-QUAM test signal generator and a stereo modulation monitor along with a few tuners, Redhat began experimenting in the summer of 2011. A QAM modulator was constructed, and a sample recording was posted on the internet. Redhat soon concluded that it would be easier to up-convert the test signal generators' output to the HF spectrum. This up-converter was built in the summer of 2012, and the first test broadcast occured on July 23rd. Two listeners who posted recording were later rewarded with postal QSL's, a mix disc, and a X-FM hoodie. The station has been broadcasting in stereo ever since.<br />
<br />
+-Redhat</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:XFM_Stereo_Swoosh_Small.JPGFile:XFM Stereo Swoosh Small.JPG2014-07-13T07:39:01Z<p>Redhat: X-FM Stereo Shortwave Logo</p>
<hr />
<div>X-FM Stereo Shortwave Logo</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Pirate_radio_stationsPirate radio stations2014-07-13T07:37:06Z<p>Redhat: /* X */</p>
<hr />
<div>Pirate radio stations are unlicensed broadcasters. Most are run by hobbyists purely for fun, although some have political or other agendas. Most pirates transmit using [[SSB]] with modern ham radio equipment, others use [[AM]] utilizing vintage or homebrew equipment. It has become more common for pirates to transmit images using [[SSTV]]. A few have experimented with [[FM]] or digital modes like [[RTTY]], [[PSK31]] and [[HELL]] as well as plain [[CW]].<br />
<br />
There is a wide range of programming styles. Some pirates mostly play music, others produce their own radio dramas. There are quite a few [[:Category:Pirate radio esoterica|inside jokes]] contained in programs, due to the close-knit community of operators and listeners. These include things such as the [[Rodent Revolution]], checking one's [[Tire Pressure]], and so on. <br />
<br />
Most communication with the operators of pirate stations is done via a [[maildrop]] or by email. A detailed list of [[pirate radio station email addresses]] is available.<br />
<br />
== North American Shortwave Pirate Stations ==<br />
<br />
=== # ===<br />
*[[6YVOS]] - Voice of Smoke<br />
*[[6YCAT]]<br />
<br />
=== A ===<br />
*[[Acid]]<br />
*[[Action Radio]]<br />
*[[All Your Base Radio]]<br />
*[[Alliance 4 Free Radio]]<br />
*[[Altered States Radio]]<br />
*[[Alternate Elvis]]<br />
*[[Amiga Computer Generated Radio]]<br />
*[[Anarchy One]]<br />
*[[Ann Hoffer]]<br />
*[[Anteater Radio]]<br />
*[[Anti-Voice]]<br />
*[[APRN]]<br />
*[[Attention 69 Numbers Station]]<br />
<br />
=== B ===<br />
*[[Betty Boo Radio]]<br />
*[[Betty Boop Radio]]<br />
*[[Big Brother Radio]]<br />
*[[Big Johnson Radio]]<br />
*[[Big Thunder Radio]]<br />
*[[Black Box Radio]]<br />
*[[Black Rider Radio]]<br />
*[[Blind Faith Radio]]<br />
*[[Blue Ocean Radio]] - blueoceanradio@gmail.com<br />
*[[Bob Dylan Radio]]<br />
*[[BOCHF]]<br />
*[[Bob Yonas Pirate Show]]<br />
*[[Bozo Radio]]<br />
*[[Brother Stair Numbers]]<br />
*[[Buckeye Radio]]<br />
*[[Buckwheat Radio]]<br />
*[[Bull Frog Radio]]<br />
*[[Bust A Nut Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== C ===<br />
*[[Captain Morgan]] - captainmorganshortwave@gmail.com<br />
*[[Canadian Bootlegger]]<br />
*[[Carribean Sound System]]<br />
*[[Carrefour Radio]]<br />
*[[CBZO]]<br />
*[[Cell Phone Radio]]<br />
*[[CFBN]] - Fly By Night Radio<br />
*[[CGWN]]<br />
*[[Channel Z Radio]] - channelzradio@ gmail.com<br />
*[[Christian Rock Radio]]<br />
*[[CHKN]]<br />
*[[CKLW]]<br />
*[[CNBS]]<br />
*[[Crazy Elmo's Relay World]]<br />
*[[CRSM]] - Radio Scottish Montreal<br />
*[[CRSN]] - Radio Star of the North<br />
*[[CRTC]]<br />
*[[Crunch Radio]]<br />
*[[CSIC]] - Sea Sick<br />
*[[CUMM]]<br />
*[[Current Time Radio]]<br />
*[[CVPI]] - The Clandestine Voice of the Peoples of Iraq<br />
*[[CXDX]]<br />
*[[CYOT - Coyote Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== D ===<br />
*[[Damn It Radio]]<br />
*[[DC Radio]]<br />
*[[Dead Cat Radio]]<br />
*[[Defiance! 90]]<br />
*[[Desert Crossing Radio]]<br />
*[[Down East Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== E ===<br />
*[[East Coast Beer Drinker]]<br />
*[[East Coast Music Radio]]<br />
*[[EBO Radio]]<br />
*[[Edmund Fitzgerald Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== F ===<br />
*[[Free Hope Experience]]<br />
*[[Freedom 40]]<br />
*[[Friday Radio]]<br />
*[[Full Metal Jacket]]<br />
<br />
=== G ===<br />
*[[Germany Calling]]<br />
*[[Good Evening Radio]]<br />
*[[Grasscutter Radio]]<br />
*[[Great Atlantic Radio Conspiracy]]<br />
*[[Ground Level Network]]<br />
*[[Ground Zero Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== H ===<br />
*[[WHOF|Hall of Fame Radio]]<br />
*[[Halloween Radio]]<br />
*[[Happy Halloween]]<br />
*[[Happy Hanukkah Radio]]<br />
*[[Hardtack Radio]]<br />
*[[He-Man Radio]]<br />
*[[High Times Radio]]<br />
*[[Hip Hop Radio]]<br />
*[[Hit Parade Radio]]<br />
*[[HKMS]] - Harold Krishna's Music Service<br />
*[[Hobart Radio International]]<br />
*[[Hope Radio]]<br />
*[[Hope Radio International]]<br />
*[[Hot Legs Radio]]<br />
*[[Howdy Doody Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== I ===<br />
*[[Indira Calling]]<br />
*[[International Voice of Global Free Radio]]<br />
*[[Iron Man Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== J ===<br />
*[[Jamba Family Radio]]<br />
*[[James Bond Radio]]<br />
*[[Jazz]]<br />
*[[Jerry-Rigged Radio]]<br />
*[[Jimmy the Weasel]]<br />
*[[Jolly Roger International]]<br />
*[[Jurassic Radio]]<br />
*[[Jury Rigged Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== K ===<br />
*[[K2000]]<br />
*[[K2KTS]] - Kingfish Transportation Service<br />
*[[Kansas Midland Railroad]]<br />
*[[KAT]] - Kitty Kat Radio<br />
*[[KBLU]]<br />
*[[KBZO]]<br />
*[[KDED]] - Voice of the Grateful Dead<br />
*[[KFAT]]<br />
*[[KFUDD RADIO]]<br />
*[[KHAL]]<br />
*[[KICK]]<br />
*[[KIPM]] - Illuminati Prima Materia<br />
*[[KKLR]]<br />
*[[KLVB]]<br />
*[[KMCR]] - Magic Carpet Radio<br />
*[[KMOM]]<br />
*[[KMRZ]]<br />
*[[KMUD]]<br />
*[[KNBS]] - Cannibis Shortwave<br />
*[[KOLD]]<br />
*[[KPF-941]]<br />
*[[KPR]]<br />
*[[KPRC]]<br />
*[[KPRX]]<br />
*[[KQRP]]<br />
*[[KQSB]]<br />
*[[Kracker Radio]]<br />
*[[Kranker Radio International]]<br />
* [[KRAP]]<br />
*[[KRAQ]]<br />
*[[KRMI]] - Radio Michigan International<br />
*[[KROK]]<br />
*[[KTVI]]<br />
*[[KULP]]<br />
*[[KUNT]]<br />
*[[KUSA]]<br />
*[[KXKVI]] - Interplanetary Radio<br />
*[[KXVN]]<br />
*[[KXXX]]<br />
<br />
=== L ===<br />
*[[LAD]] - Voice of the Night<br />
*[[Le Voz de los Moody Blues]]<br />
*[[Liberty!]]<br />
*[[Liquid Radio]]<br />
*[[Lounge Lizard Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== M ===<br />
*[[MAC]]<br />
*[[Maple Leaf Radio]]<br />
*[[MARS]] - Montana Audio Relay Service<br />
*[[Mash-Up Radio]]<br />
*[[Melvin Malfunction Radio]]<br />
*[[Microdot Radio]]<br />
*[[MIDI Radio]]<br />
*[[Midnight Radio]]<br />
*[[Miss Beasley's Radio Show]]<br />
*[[Moonshine Radio]]<br />
*[[Mouth of Mohammad]]<br />
*[[My New Underpants]]<br />
*[[Mystery Radio - NA]]<br />
*[[Mystery Science Radio]]<br />
*[[Mystic]]<br />
*[[Mystic Voice of the Western Pirates]]<br />
<br />
=== N ===<br />
*[[NAPRS]] - North American Pirate Relay Service<br />
*[[North Jersey Coast Radio]]<br />
*[[Northwoods Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== O ===<br />
*[[Old Turkey Radio]]<br />
*[[Old Vampire Radio]]<br />
*[[Omega Radio]]<br />
*[[Omega One Radio]]<br />
*[[One Voice Radio]]<br />
*[[Orbital Mind Control Satellite]]<br />
*[[Outhouse Radio]]<br />
*[[Outlaw Radio]]<br />
*[[Oxycontin Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== P ===<br />
*[[Pan Global Wireless]]<br />
*[[Paragon Radio]]<br />
*[[Partial India Radio]]<br />
*[[Peruvian]]<br />
*[[Pigmeat Radio]]<br />
*[[Pirate Radio Boston]]<br />
*[[Pirate Radio Homosexuality]]<br />
*[[Pirate Radio New England]]<br />
*[[Possum Hunting Radio]]<br />
*[[Primitive Radio]]<br />
*[[Project 301]]<br />
*[[Punxsutawney Pothead Radio]]<br />
*[[Purple Nucleus Of Creation]]<br />
<br />
=== Q ===<br />
*[[Quantum State Laboratory]]<br />
<br />
=== R ===<br />
*[[Radio 13 International]]<br />
*[[Radio 43]]<br />
*[[Radio 49]]<br />
*[[Radio 6X]]<br />
*[[Radio Aesop]]<br />
*[[Radio Al Fansome]]<br />
*[[Radio Airplane]]<br />
*[[Radio Anarchy]]<br />
*[[Radio Angeline]]<br />
*[[Radio Ano Nuevo]]<br />
*[[Radio Audubon International]]<br />
*[[Radio Azteca]]<br />
*[[Radio Beaver]]<br />
*[[Radio Bingo]]<br />
*[[Radio BLANDX]]<br />
*[[Radio Bob's Communication Network]]<br />
*[[Radio Cambodia]]<br />
*[[Radio Cando]]<br />
*[[Radio Casablanca]]<br />
*[[Radio Clandestine]]<br />
*[[Radio Comedy Club International]]<br />
*[[Radio Conelrad]]<br />
*[[Radio Confusion]]<br />
*[[Radio Cyclops]]<br />
*[[Radio Dead Man]]<br />
*[[Radio Dewey Canyon]]<br />
*[[Radio Doomsday]]<br />
*[[Radio Drift]]<br />
*[[Radio Echo One]]<br />
*[[Radio Eleven]]<br />
*[[Radio Esoterica]]<br />
*[[Radio Espiritu]]<br />
*[[Radio EXP]] - Voice of Free FM<br />
*[[Radio Farside]]<br />
*[[Radio First Termer]]<br />
*[[Radio Flatulence]]<br />
*[[Radio Flatus]]<br />
*[[Radio Fluffernut]]<br />
*[[Radio Fornication]]<br />
*[[Radio For the Common Man]]<br />
*[[Radio Free America]]<br />
*[[Radio Free Euphoria]]<br />
*[[Radio Free Jesus]]<br />
*[[Radio Free New York]]<br />
*[[Radio Free Salvation]]<br />
*[[Radio Free Speech]]<br />
*[[Radio Fusion Radio]]<br />
*[[Radio Ga-Ga]]<br />
*[[Radio Ganymede]]<br />
*[[Radio Garbanzo]]<br />
*[[Radio Goon]]<br />
*[[Radio Gumby International]]<br />
*[[Radio Hallowe'en]]<br />
*[[Radio Headlights]]<br />
*[[Radio Ice Cream]]<br />
*[[Radio Invisible]]<br />
*[[Radio Ireland International]]<br />
*[[Radio Is My Friend]]<br />
*[[Radio Is Not Radio]]<br />
*[[Radio Jamba International]]<br />
*[[Radio Lymph Node International]]<br />
*[[Radio Mauser World Wide]]<br />
*[[Radio Metallica Worldwide]]<br />
*[[Radio Mexico]]<br />
*[[Radio Mindweb]]<br />
*[[Radio Morania]]<br />
*[[Radio Mushroom]]<br />
*[[Radio Navidad International]]<br />
*[[Radio Neptune Universal Service]]<br />
*[[Radio Newyork International]]<br />
*[[Radio North Coast International]]<br />
*[[Radio Nonsense]]<br />
*[[Radio Ogalalla]]<br />
*[[Radio Ohm]]<br />
*[[Radio Okeechobee]]<br />
*[[Radio One]]<br />
*[[Radio Paisano]]<br />
*[[Radio Peace]]<br />
*[[Radio Politzania]]<br />
*[[Radio Poncho-Villa]]<br />
*[[Radio Pus]]<br />
*[[Radio Ronin]]<br />
*[[Radio Sausalito]]<br />
*[[Radio Smooth]]<br />
*[[Radio Strange]]<br />
*[[Radio Three]]<br />
*[[Radio 2]]<br />
*[[Radio Tornado]]<br />
*[[Radio True North]]<br />
*[[Radio USA]]<br />
*[[Radio Wolf International]]<br />
*[[Radio X]]<br />
*[[Radio XANAX]]<br />
*[[Ragnar Radio]]<br />
*[[Random Radio]] - WRBA<br />
*[[Rastafarian Radio]]<br />
*[[Rave On Radio]]<br />
*[[Relaxation Radio]]<br />
*[[Revolution Radio]]<br />
*[[Revolutionary Voice of Plainville]]<br />
*[[RFM]] - Radio Free Massachusetts<br />
*[[RKNA]] - Rock of North America<br />
*[[Robot Radio]]<br />
*[[Rock It Radio]]<br />
*[[Roman Numerals Numbers Station]]<br />
*[[Romper Room Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== S ===<br />
*[[Samurai Radio]]<br />
*[[Scream of the Butterfly]]<br />
*[[Scream of the Mosquito]]<br />
*[[Secret Mountain Laboratory]]<br />
*[[Shadow Radio]]<br />
*[[Shorty Longwire]]<br />
*[[Slim Shady Radio]]<br />
*[[Society of Industrialized Music]]<br />
*[[Solid Rock Radio]]<br />
*[[SPAM Radio]]<br />
*[[Special Ed]] (Possum Hunting Radio)<br />
*[[Sunshine Radio]]<br />
*[[SW3]]<br />
*[[Sycko Radio]]<br />
<br />
=== T ===<br />
*[[Take It Easy Radio]]<br />
*[[Tangerine Radio]]<br />
*[[The Asylum]]<br />
*[[The Bangalore Poacher]]<br />
*[[The Big Q]]<br />
*[[The Car Show]]<br />
*[[The Crooked Man]]<br />
*[[The Crystal Ship]]<br />
*[[The Edge]]<br />
*[[The Fox]]<br />
*[[The Gasman]] - FOX parody<br />
*[[The Jersey Devil]]<br />
*[[The Joint]]<br />
*[[The Kid Radio]]<br />
*[[The Mad Daddy]] - ZNS-4<br />
*[[The Oasis]]<br />
*[[The Voice of Deadly Nightshade]]<br />
*[[The Oasis]]<br />
*[[The Wave]]<br />
*[[Tube Radio]]<br />
*[[Tuna Radio]]<br />
*[[Turtle Head Radio]] - turtleheadradio@gmail.com<br />
<br />
=== U ===<br />
*[[Undercover Radio]]<br />
*[[UNID]] - Unidentified Pirate Radio<br />
*[[Union City Radio]]<br />
*[[United Patriot Militia Bingo]]<br />
*[[Up Against The Wall Radio]]<br />
*[[URGZ]]<br />
<br />
=== V ===<br />
*[[Victory Radio]]<br />
*[[Virtual Broadcast System]]<br />
*[[Voice of An American]]<br />
*[[Voice of Anarchy]]<br />
*[[Voice of Bob]]<br />
*[[Voice of Bono]]<br />
*[[Voice of Bozo]]<br />
*[[Voice of Broadcast Freedom]]<br />
*[[Voice of Captain Ron]]<br />
*[[Voice of Christmas]]<br />
*[[Voice of Communism]]<br />
*[[Voice of Free America]]<br />
*[[Voice of Free Long Island]]<br />
*[[Voice of Gilligan]]<br />
*[[Voice of Helium]] - FOX parody<br />
*[[Voice of Hell]]<br />
*[[Voice of Honor]]<br />
*[[Voice of Influenza]]<br />
*[[Voice of Intoxication]]<br />
*[[Voice of Journey]]<br />
*[[Voice of Juliet]]<br />
*[[Voice of Laryngitis]]<br />
*[[Voice of Mike Gaukin]]<br />
*[[Voice of Monotony]]<br />
*[[Voice of Oz]]<br />
*[[Voice of Pancho Villa]]<br />
*[[Voice of Prozac]]<br />
*[[Voice of Scotland]]<br />
*[[Voice fo Shakerag]]<br />
*[[Voice of Stench]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Angry Bastard]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Daleks]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Dead]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Epileptic Catfish]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Inky Pen]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Kentucky Fried Rodents]]<br />
*[[Voice of the New World Order]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Purple Pumpkin]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Rainbow]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Robots]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Rock]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Runaway Maharishi]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Smooth]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Unknown Monkey Spanker]]<br />
*[[Voice of the Voyager]]<br />
*[[Voice of Tomorrow]]<br />
*[[Vox America]]<br />
<br />
=== W ===<br />
*[[Wack Radio]]<br />
*[[WAIR]] - All Indie Radio<br />
*[[WANK]]<br />
*[[WAMP]]<br />
*[[WARI]] - Alt. Radio International<br />
*[[WARP]] - Weird Alt. Radio Programming<br />
*[[WAZU]]<br />
*[[WBBD]]<br />
*[[WBIG]]<br />
*[[WBMR]] - Black Mountain Radio<br />
*[[WBNY]]<br />
*[[WBOG]] - The Horrible Bog<br />
*[[WBST]]<br />
*[[WBZA]]<br />
*[[WBZO]]<br />
*[[WCCC]]<br />
*[[WCPR]]<br />
*[[WCR]]<br />
*[[WCTU]]<br />
*[[WCYC]] <br />
*[[WDDR]] - Desperate Rock & Roll<br />
*[[WDX]]<br />
*[[Weather Radio]]<br />
*[[WEAK]]<br />
*[[WEED]]<br />
*[[WENJ]]<br />
*[[WFAT]]<br />
*[[WFUQ]]<br />
*[[WGOP]]<br />
*[[WHDA]] - We Hate Dead Air<br />
*[[WHIP]]<br />
*[[WHJR]]<br />
*[[WHO]]<br />
*[[WHOF]] - Hall of Fame Radio<br />
*[[WHOT]]<br />
*[[WHYP]]<br />
*[[WILD]]<br />
*[[Wild Imagination Radio]]<br />
*[[WISL]] - Wistle Stop Radio<br />
*[[Witch City Radio]]<br />
*[[WJAM]]<br />
*[[WJDI]]<br />
*[[WJFK]]<br />
*[[WJLR]]<br />
*[[WJPL]]<br />
*[[WKAR]]<br />
*[[WKHZ]]<br />
*[[WKIK]]<br />
*[[WKND]] - We're K9 Dog<br />
*[[WKZP]]<br />
*[[WLAR]]<br />
*[[WLBG]] - We Love Bob Groove<br />
*[[WLIS]] - We Love Interval Signals<br />
*[[WLR]] - Wire Line Radio<br />
*[[WMAD]]<br />
*[[WMIR]]<br />
*[[WMFQ]] - Where's My F*cking QSL?<br />
*[[WMLK]]<br />
*[[WMOE]]<br />
*[[WMPR]] - Micro Power Radio<br />
*[[WMR]] - We Monkey Radio<br />
*[[WNDR]] - World uNergrounD Radio<br />
*[[WNOT]]<br />
*[[Wolverine Radio]]<br />
*[[WORK]]<br />
*[[WPBS]] - Wild Pirate Broadcast Station<br />
*[[WPMS]] - Free Womens Radio<br />
*[[WPON]] - The Weapon<br />
*[[WPUP]] - We're Pot Using Puppies<br />
*[[WQSL]] - The Verification Station<br />
*[[WRAR]] - We Rock and Rap<br />
*[[WRBI]]<br />
*[[WRCA]]<br />
*[[WRCR]] - Reality Check Radio<br />
*[[WRDM]] - Roy D. Mercer<br />
*[[WREC]] - Radio Free East Coast<br />
*[[WRFW]] - Radio Free Wisconsin<br />
*[[WRPD]] - Warped<br />
*[[WRRN]] - World Republican Radio Network<br />
*[[WRTR]] - Robert Tilton Radio<br />
*[[WRV]] - Radio Virus<br />
*[[WSKO]] - Sycko Radio<br />
*[[WSKY]]<br />
*[[WSM]] - Grand Ole Opry Radio Net<br />
*[[WSRN]]<br />
*[[WSWL]]<br />
*[[WTCR]] - Twentieth Century Radio<br />
*[[WTPR]] - Tire Pressure Radio<br />
*[[WTWP]]<br />
*[[WVOL]] - Voice of the Loon<br />
*[[WVOR]]<br />
*[[WWCR - World Wide Crackpot Religion]]<br />
*[[WWEO]]<br />
*[[WWRR]] - World Wide Redneck Radio<br />
*[[WWW]]<br />
*[[WYDX]] - Why Do U DX?<br />
*[[WYMN]] - Women Radio<br />
*[[WYYZ]]<br />
<br />
=== X ===<br />
*[[XEROX]] - Radio Duplicado<br />
*[[X-FM]]<br />
*[[X-Mas Day Radio]]<br />
*[[X-Ray Radio]]<br />
*[[X-Ray Yankee Zulu]]<br />
*[[XYZ]]<br />
<br />
=== Y ===<br />
*[[YHWH]]<br />
<br />
=== Z ===<br />
*[[Z Radio]]<br />
*[[Zeppelin Radio Worldwide]]<br />
<br />
== North American Mediumwave Pirate Stations ==<br />
*[[Lubavitcher Radio]] Radio Moshiach & Redemption<br />
*[[Boston Area Pirates]] MW and FM pirates in the Boston area<br />
<br />
== European Shortwave Pirate Stations ==<br />
*[[Alfa Lima international]]<br />
*[[Cactus Jack Radio]]<br />
*[[Cupido Radio]]<br />
*[[Jolly Roger Radio International]]<br />
*[[Kiwi Radio]]<br />
*[[Laser Hot Hits]]<br />
*[[Mustang Radio]]<br />
*[[Mystery Radio]]<br />
*[[Orion Radio]]<br />
*[[Radio Black Arrow]]<br />
*[[Radio Borderhunter]]<br />
*[[Radio Free London]]<br />
*[[Radio Mistletoe]]<br />
*[[Radio Spaceshuttle International]]<br />
*[[Radio Spaceman]]<br />
*[[Spider Radio]]<br />
*[[Weekend Music Radio]]<br />
*[[WNKR]] - West and North Kent Radio<br />
<br />
== European VHF Pirate Stations ==<br />
*[[Dread Broadcasting Corporation (DBC)]]<br />
<br />
== Elsewhere in the World ==<br />
*[[Radio PiraƱa InternaciĆ³nal]]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Radio station lists]]<br />
[[Category:Pirate radio stations|!]]</div>Redhathttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/X-FMX-FM2014-07-13T07:35:45Z<p>Redhat: X-FM Shortwave</p>
<hr />
<div>X-FM is a shortwave pirate radio station broadcasting from North America since 2011. The station began as an FM pirate in the upper midwest of the United States in the early 2000's built mostly from equipment discarded from local radio stations. Redhat, the station announcer, also serves as engineer and program director. Later incarnations of the station on shortwave are co-hosted by The Old Professor, a shortwave pirate himself from the late 90's. The station features new music from genres surrounding alternative rock, indie, electronica, and some selections from the classic rock/stoner era as well. The station is also notable for transmitting Motorola C-QUAM AM stereo, a system introduced in the 1980's to allow commercial AM stations to transmit in stereo. X-FM has also experimented briefly with DRM. X-FM has been heard in around 9 countries, and verifies all valid reports with eQSL's.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
X-FM began in the spring of 2003 after Redhat had aquired enough equipment to begin broadcasting. Even early on, the station was fairly well equipped for a pirate, sporting a Harris Stereo 80 console, and ITC cart machines. The Shows ran for an hour or two on tuesday nights, but the schedule soon began to favor friday nights which afforded the staff more time to broadcast. The early incarnation of the station did not sound much different from other commercial rock stations on the dial. With time, the station began playing deeper cuts of modern rock and alternative albums, and the music mix began to incorporate indie and various forms of electronica. The station slowly began improving its technical operations as well, adding stereo to its FM signal in the fall of 2003, and RDS sometime in 2005. There was also a push to better the stations' coverage, and with the help of some parts discarded by a local radio station, that goal was achieved in the spring of 2005. Early on, the station had aquired a Collins A830-2 hybrid FM exciter with around 12 watts output. This was fed into a J-pole antenna, and later a 2 bay co-linear antenna. At some point, final tubes for the 60's era exciter were become scarce, so from another dumpster, a Harris MS-15 exciter was procured. The unit was in pieces and had a bad driver transistor, but once repairs were complete, the unit was put into service, and raised the stations' TPO to 22 watts. Around 2005 or so, the carcass of a Collins 830D-1A was put back together in a frame made of 2x4's, and the station set sail with almost 500 watts of power. With the sucessful construction of a pair of ring and stub antennas in the summer of 2005, the stations' ERP rose to almost 1KW.<br />
<br />
Despite all the good times, the station choose to close in the spring of 2008 on it's 5th birthday, citing "..that it was best to hang it up, while we still have our ass." The station appeared sporadically thorughout the next few years, surfacing for an occasional coverage check, holiday show, or just for some music to listen to while Redhat drove around town. One contributing factor to the stations decision to close was the apparent lack of interest on the part of the FM audience. Despite having a call-in number, the phone rarely rang, and when it did, it was usually friends of the show, not someone stumbling across the broadcast. Redhat continued streaming his weekly show for a time, but even this eventually stopped.<br />
<br />
<br />
== The Birth of Shortwave ==<br />
<br />
Redhat eventually moved on from his sleepy midwestern town. Along the way, He met The Old Professor, whose own tales of shortwave experimentation in the late 90's perked Redhat's interest. That evil grin began to reappear. There was a huge pile of new music that no one was playing. Following the Professor's advice, Redhat started listening to HF pirates in the summer of 2010. Living on the 3rd floor of an apartment building, a full size inverted V was clandestinely strung through the attic late one night, trying not to wake the occupants of the units under his feet. It was difficult to hear much with that antenna, but recordings do exist of Wolverine Radio, and Bust-A-Nut Radio. This was enough persuation to get things going, and Redhat contacted WBNY in hopes of getting some "seat time" in front of the console again while transmission equipment was built and acquired. The Bunny abliged, and several shows were relayed by the WBNY Relay service. Meanwhile, transmissions from the attic dipole occured sporadically throughout the spring of 2011, netting nice reports from a barefoot FT-857. Tensions within the community eventually force the closure of WBNY's relay service, and Redhat and The Old Professor hit the road and began live shows shortly thereafter. By summer, a mil surplus amplifier was sourced, and X-FM was now being heard reliably throughout most of North America, and beyond. By fall, AM experiments had proven worthy enough to retire the Yeasu and begin full-time AM broadcasts.<br />
<br />
== The Road to C-QUAM Stereo ==<br />
<br />
The Old Professor had long since been a fan of AM stereo, and some of this had apparently rubbed off on Redhat. This may have also been influenced by Bust-A-Nut Radio's ID's stating their transmissions were in C-QUAM stereo. Having sourced a Panasonic C-QUAM test signal generator and a stereo modulation monitor along with a few tuners, Redhat began experimenting in the summer of 2011. A QAM modulator was constructed, and a sample recording was posted on the internet. Redhat soon concluded that it would be easier to up-convert the test signal generators' output to the HF spectrum. This up-converter was built in the summer of 2012, and the first test broadcast occured on July 23rd. Two listeners who posted recording were later rewarded with postal QSL's, a mix disc, and a X-FM hoodie. The station has been broadcasting in stereo ever since.<br />
<br />
+-Redhat</div>Redhat