https://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Spy_Numbers_Stations&feed=atom&action=historySpy Numbers Stations - Revision history2024-03-28T22:26:48ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.16.5https://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Spy_Numbers_Stations&diff=9505&oldid=prevSV1XV: /* Further reading */ QST article2019-10-05T18:13:26Z<p><span class="autocomment">Further reading: </span> QST article</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Harry L. Helms, W5HLH: "How To Tune The Secret Shortwave Spectrum", TAB Books, ISBN 0-8306-1185-1, 1981.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Harry L. Helms, W5HLH: "How To Tune The Secret Shortwave Spectrum", TAB Books, ISBN 0-8306-1185-1, 1981.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Don Schimmel: "The Underground Frequency Guide", HighText, ISBN 1-878707-17-5, 1994</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Don Schimmel: "The Underground Frequency Guide", HighText, ISBN 1-878707-17-5, 1994</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Allison McLellan: "Decoding Numbers Stations", QST, '''103''' (11), pp. 70-74, ISSN 0033-4812, November 2019</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Radio station lists]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Radio station lists]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Spy stations|!]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Spy stations|!]]</div></td></tr>
</table>SV1XVhttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Spy_Numbers_Stations&diff=9315&oldid=prevThe Wrigley Guerrilla at 14:28, 25 July 20192019-07-25T14:28:35Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Image:Numbers stations map.gif|center|A map showing several locations of Number Stations]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Image:Numbers stations map.gif|center|A map showing several locations of Number Stations]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Description and operation ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Description and operation ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Number stations are shortwave transmissions from foreign intelligence agencies to spies in the field of foreign countries. Since the fact of operating a number station is technically a state secret, there have been very few confirmations from government organizations - those that have were the Czech Office for Foreign Relations and Information (we also obtained a Top Secret document), Polish Institute of National Remembrance and the Swedish Security Service SÄPO. Usage of number stations has additionally been confirmed by former Cold War spies, and the cases of Kim Hyon-hui (1987), Erwin van Haarlem (1988), The Cuban Five (1998) and Andreas and Heindrun Anschlag (2011).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Number stations are shortwave transmissions from foreign intelligence agencies to spies in the field of foreign countries. Since the fact of operating a number station is technically a state secret, there have been very few confirmations from government organizations - those that have were the Czech Office for Foreign Relations and Information (we also obtained a Top Secret document), Polish Institute of National Remembrance and the Swedish Security Service SÄPO. Usage of number stations has additionally been confirmed by former Cold War spies, and the cases of Kim Hyon-hui (1987), Erwin van Haarlem (1988), The Cuban Five (1998) and Andreas and Heindrun Anschlag (2011).</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The first account of a number station, as reported in ENIGMA Newsletter Issue #12, was from the Austrian Kurzwelle Panorama magazine dating from World War I. The BBC were noted for sending messages to people overseas which where coded messages to SOE agents during WW2. From then on encrypted messages broadcasted with creepy automated voices have been being sent with stations appearing and disappearing as political events changed over the last 60 years. The amount of active stations has significantly decreased since the late 1990s, though number stations are still actively used by countries such as Russia, Poland and Cuba.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The first account of a number station, as reported in ENIGMA Newsletter Issue #12, was from the Austrian Kurzwelle Panorama magazine dating from World War I. The BBC were noted for sending messages to people overseas which where coded messages to SOE agents during WW2. From then on encrypted messages broadcasted with creepy automated voices have been being sent with stations appearing and disappearing as political events changed over the last 60 years. The amount of active stations has significantly decreased since the late 1990s, though number stations are still actively used by countries such as Russia, Poland and Cuba.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>ENIGMA naming system</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">== </ins>ENIGMA naming system <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The most popular number station naming system was devised by the European Numbers Information Gathering and Monitoring Assocation (ENIGMA), a number station research group active in 1993-2000, and later maintained by ENIGMA 2000. It was created to solve ambiguities in number station reporting, and classifies stations by language or type of signal. Each ENIGMA designator consists of an alphabetic prefix followed by an ordinary number.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The most popular number station naming system was devised by the European Numbers Information Gathering and Monitoring Assocation (ENIGMA), a number station research group active in 1993-2000, and later maintained by ENIGMA 2000. It was created to solve ambiguities in number station reporting, and classifies stations by language or type of signal. Each ENIGMA designator consists of an alphabetic prefix followed by an ordinary number.</div></td></tr>
</table>The Wrigley Guerrillahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Spy_Numbers_Stations&diff=9312&oldid=prevThe Wrigley Guerrilla at 14:21, 25 July 20192019-07-25T14:21:22Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Cuban Intelligence Radio Stations/Operations]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Cuban Intelligence Radio Stations/Operations]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Soviet/Russian Strategic Communication/Warfare Units]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Soviet/Russian Strategic Communication/Warfare Units]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Russian <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">6</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </ins>Russian <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Man (RU6)|The Russian Man</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[DGI]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[DGI]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Havana Moon]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Havana Moon]]</div></td></tr>
</table>The Wrigley Guerrillahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Spy_Numbers_Stations&diff=9305&oldid=prevThe Wrigley Guerrilla at 14:19, 25 July 20192019-07-25T14:19:46Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Spy Numbers Stations''' are shortwave radio stations that are speculated to have been broadcasting since World War I. The true origin and purpose of them are unknown. A popular theory is that these stations are intended for spies in the field using a One Time Pad. Another theory is that they are used in drug smuggling operations.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Spy Numbers Stations''' are shortwave radio stations that are speculated to have been broadcasting since World War I. The true origin and purpose of them are unknown. A popular theory is that these stations are intended for spies in the field using a One Time Pad. Another theory is that they are used in drug smuggling operations.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Image:Numbers stations map.gif|center]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Image:Numbers stations map.gif|center<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|A map showing several locations of Number Stations</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Description and operation ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Description and operation ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*[[V2]] Attencion Cuba</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*[[V2]] Attencion Cuba</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*[[HM01]] Cuba</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*[[HM01]] Cuba</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*[[S06]] Russian Man, Russia</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*[[V13]] New Star Radio Taiwan</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*[[V13]] New Star Radio Taiwan</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*[[V24]] South Korea</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*[[V24]] South Korea</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Cuban Intelligence Radio Stations/Operations]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Cuban Intelligence Radio Stations/Operations]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Soviet/Russian Strategic Communication/Warfare Units]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Soviet/Russian Strategic Communication/Warfare Units]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[Russian 6]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[DGI]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[DGI]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Havana Moon]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Havana Moon]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[ENIGMA2000]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[ENIGMA2000]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Langley Pierce]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Langley Pierce]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[Russian 6]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Numbers stations in popular culture]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Numbers stations in popular culture]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>The Wrigley Guerrillahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Spy_Numbers_Stations&diff=8999&oldid=prevThe Wrigley Guerrilla at 23:04, 3 June 20192019-06-03T23:04:38Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Description and operation ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Description and operation ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Number stations are shortwave transmissions from foreign intelligence agencies to spies in the field of foreign countries<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Appearing at just about any time of day or night on the shortwave bands, number stations have been calling out with their automated voices since at least the first World War</del>. Since the fact of operating a number station is technically a state secret, there have been very few confirmations from government organizations - those that have were the Czech Office for Foreign Relations and Information (we also obtained a Top Secret document), Polish Institute of National Remembrance and the Swedish Security Service SÄPO. Usage of number stations has additionally been confirmed by former Cold War spies, and the cases of Kim Hyon-hui (1987), Erwin van Haarlem (1988), The Cuban Five (1998) and Andreas and Heindrun Anschlag (2011).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Number stations are shortwave transmissions from foreign intelligence agencies to spies in the field of foreign countries. Since the fact of operating a number station is technically a state secret, there have been very few confirmations from government organizations - those that have were the Czech Office for Foreign Relations and Information (we also obtained a Top Secret document), Polish Institute of National Remembrance and the Swedish Security Service SÄPO. Usage of number stations has additionally been confirmed by former Cold War spies, and the cases of Kim Hyon-hui (1987), Erwin van Haarlem (1988), The Cuban Five (1998) and Andreas and Heindrun Anschlag (2011).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Number stations transmit encrypted messages in forms of groups of numbers, or less commonly letters, using either automated voice (many languages), Morse code or digital signals. While the encryption method used for most number stations is unknown, some have used and others are widely believed to use one-time pad - mathematical addition of a set of random numbers (the key) to the plaintext, which can be used only once, and must be destroyed after usage. Some of the stations are believed to transmit pre-defined codebook instructions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Number stations transmit encrypted messages in forms of groups of numbers, or less commonly letters, using either automated voice (many languages), Morse code or digital signals. While the encryption method used for most number stations is unknown, some have used and others are widely believed to use one-time pad - mathematical addition of a set of random numbers (the key) to the plaintext, which can be used only once, and must be destroyed after usage. Some of the stations are believed to transmit pre-defined codebook instructions.</div></td></tr>
</table>The Wrigley Guerrillahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Spy_Numbers_Stations&diff=8986&oldid=prevThe Wrigley Guerrilla at 20:23, 3 June 20192019-06-03T20:23:54Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>E - English language voice broadcasts</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>E - English language voice broadcasts</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>S - Slavic language voice broadcasts</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>S - Slavic language voice broadcasts</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>V - Voice broadcasts in all other languages</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>V - Voice broadcasts in all other languages</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>M - Morse code</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>M - Morse code</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>F - Frequency-shift keying digital modes</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>F - Frequency-shift keying digital modes</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>P - Phase-shift keying digital modes</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>P - Phase-shift keying digital modes</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>XP - Russian 7 digital modes</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>XP - Russian 7 digital modes</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>HM - Hybrids of analog and digital modes</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>HM - Hybrids of analog and digital modes</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Active Spy Numbers Stations ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Active Spy Numbers Stations ==</div></td></tr>
</table>The Wrigley Guerrillahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Spy_Numbers_Stations&diff=8985&oldid=prevThe Wrigley Guerrilla at 20:20, 3 June 20192019-06-03T20:20:50Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Image:Numbers stations map.gif|center]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Image:Numbers stations map.gif|center]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Description and operation ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Number stations are shortwave transmissions from foreign intelligence agencies to spies in the field of foreign countries. Appearing at just about any time of day or night on the shortwave bands, number stations have been calling out with their automated voices since at least the first World War. Since the fact of operating a number station is technically a state secret, there have been very few confirmations from government organizations - those that have were the Czech Office for Foreign Relations and Information (we also obtained a Top Secret document), Polish Institute of National Remembrance and the Swedish Security Service SÄPO. Usage of number stations has additionally been confirmed by former Cold War spies, and the cases of Kim Hyon-hui (1987), Erwin van Haarlem (1988), The Cuban Five (1998) and Andreas and Heindrun Anschlag (2011).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Number stations transmit encrypted messages in forms of groups of numbers, or less commonly letters, using either automated voice (many languages), Morse code or digital signals. While the encryption method used for most number stations is unknown, some have used and others are widely believed to use one-time pad - mathematical addition of a set of random numbers (the key) to the plaintext, which can be used only once, and must be destroyed after usage. Some of the stations are believed to transmit pre-defined codebook instructions.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Number stations offer a powerful advantage in our modern world: practically complete anonymity. The recipient of the message can be almost anywhere in the world, and receive instructions without fear of being traced through a phone call or internet connection. All the recipient needs is a shortwave radio and to be in the right place at the right time.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The first account of a number station, as reported in ENIGMA Newsletter Issue #12, was from the Austrian Kurzwelle Panorama magazine dating from World War I. The BBC were noted for sending messages to people overseas which where coded messages to SOE agents during WW2. From then on encrypted messages broadcasted with creepy automated voices have been being sent with stations appearing and disappearing as political events changed over the last 60 years. The amount of active stations has significantly decreased since the late 1990s, though number stations are still actively used by countries such as Russia, Poland and Cuba.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ENIGMA naming system</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The most popular number station naming system was devised by the European Numbers Information Gathering and Monitoring Assocation (ENIGMA), a number station research group active in 1993-2000, and later maintained by ENIGMA 2000. It was created to solve ambiguities in number station reporting, and classifies stations by language or type of signal. Each ENIGMA designator consists of an alphabetic prefix followed by an ordinary number.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Current prefixes:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">E - English language voice broadcasts</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">G - German language voice broadcasts</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">S - Slavic language voice broadcasts</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">V - Voice broadcasts in all other languages</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">M - Morse code</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">F - Frequency-shift keying digital modes</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">P - Phase-shift keying digital modes</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">XP - Russian 7 digital modes</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HM - Hybrids of analog and digital modes</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Active Spy Numbers Stations ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Active Spy Numbers Stations ==</div></td></tr>
</table>The Wrigley Guerrillahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Spy_Numbers_Stations&diff=8201&oldid=prevThe Wrigley Guerrilla at 23:11, 12 February 20192019-02-12T23:11:46Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*[[WBNY]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*[[WBNY]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Not A Spy Numbers Station </del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Unknown/anonymous spy number station </ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*[[XM<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] [[</del>Backwards Music Station<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] Also known as [[Whales</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*[[XM <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Whales (The </ins>Backwards Music Station<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== See also ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== See also ==</div></td></tr>
</table>The Wrigley Guerrillahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Spy_Numbers_Stations&diff=8183&oldid=prevThe Wrigley Guerrilla at 02:01, 12 February 20192019-02-12T02:01:10Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== See also ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== See also ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[Cuban Intelligence Radio Stations/Operations]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Soviet/Russian Strategic Communication/Warfare Units]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Soviet/Russian Strategic Communication/Warfare Units]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[DGI]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[DGI]]</div></td></tr>
</table>The Wrigley Guerrillahttps://hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Spy_Numbers_Stations&diff=8182&oldid=prevThe Wrigley Guerrilla at 02:00, 12 February 20192019-02-12T02:00:38Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== See also ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== See also ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[Soviet/Russian Strategic Communication/Warfare Units]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[DGI]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Havana Moon]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Havana Moon]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Pedro]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Pedro]]</div></td></tr>
</table>The Wrigley Guerrilla