Wi-Fi

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(Low-power indoor (LPI) operation)
(900 MHz (802.11ah))
 
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Wireless LAN / Wi-Fi WiFi frequency bands UHF and higher.
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Wireless LAN / Wi-Fi WiFi frequency bands UHF (300 MHz - 3000 MHz) and higher - Super High Frequency so UHF/SHF
==900 MHz (802.11ah)==
==900 MHz (802.11ah)==
-
[[802.11ah]] operates in sub-gigahertz unlicensed bands. Each world region supports different sub-bands, and the channels number depends on the starting frequency of the sub-band it belongs to. Thus, there is no global channels numbering plan, and the channels numbers are incompatible between world regions (and even between sub-bands of a same world region).
+
802.11ah operates in sub-gigahertz unlicensed bands. While it is referred to as "900 MHz" it actually covers various bands including the 700 MHz band, 800 MHz band (including the European Short Range Device - SRD - [[SRD860]] band allocations) and 900 MHz band.  Each world region supports different sub-bands, and the channels number depends on the starting frequency of the sub-band it belongs to. Thus, there is no global channels numbering plan, and the channels numbers are incompatible between world regions (and even between sub-bands of a same world region).
-
The following sub-bands are defined in the [[802.11ah]] specifications:
+
It is important to note that the 902-928 MHz band is allocated to numerous other services, including [[Ham_radio#Amateur_Radio_Bands_VHF_UHF_and_up|33cm]] amateur radio band, [[cordless telephone]] systems, license-free [[Part_15#15.249_-_Operation_within_the_bands_902-928_MHz.2C_2400-2483.5_MHz.2C_5725-5875_MHz.2C_and_24.0-24.25_GHz.|telemetry/data link]] systems, 915 MHz [[LoRa]] and related [[mesh network|network]] systems such as [[Meshtastic]], vehicle transponder systems, train and railroad telemetry systems and [[Part_15#15.247_-_Operation_within_the_bands_902-928_MHz.2C_2400-2483.5_MHz.2C_and_5725-5850_MHz.|unlicensed]] frequency hopping spread spectrum ([[Motorola_DTR_series_900_MHz_frequency_hopping_hopsets|FHSS]]) [[Business_Radio|business radio]] two-way [[Motorola_DTR_series_900_MHz_frequency_hopping_hopsets|radio systems]] as well as being an [[ISM]] (FCC Rules Part 18).
 +
 
 +
The [[Nationwide_Public_Safety_Interoperability#700_MHz_band|700 MHz]] and [[Nationwide_Public_Safety_Interoperability#800_MHz_band|800 MHz]] bands are allocated to land mobile radio services, including public safety radio systems, 4G, 4G LTE, 5G (and earlier generation) mobile cellular networks, as well as other services - depending on the local frequency allocations and other regulations. 
 +
 
 +
The following sub-bands are defined in the 802.11ah specifications:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Region
! Region
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|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | Australia
| rowspan="2" | Australia
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 915–920
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 915–920 MHz
| 1, 2, 4
| 1, 2, 4
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 920–928
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 920–928 MHz
| 1, 2, 4, 8
| 1, 2, 4, 8
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | China
| rowspan="2" | China
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 755–779
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 755–779 MHz
| 1
| 1
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 779–787
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 779–787 MHz
| 1, 2, 4, 8
| 1, 2, 4, 8
|-
|-
| Europe
| Europe
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 863–868
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 863–868 MHz
| 1, 2
| 1, 2
|-
|-
| Japan
| Japan
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 916.5–927.5
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 916.5–927.5 MHz
| 1
| 1
|-
|-
| Korea
| Korea
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 917.5–923.5
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 917.5–923.5 MHz
| 1, 2, 4
| 1, 2, 4
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | New<br>Zealand
| rowspan="2" | New<br>Zealand
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 915–924
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 915–924 MHz
| 1, 2, 4, 8
| 1, 2, 4, 8
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 924–928
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 924–928 MHz
| 1, 2, 4
| 1, 2, 4
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | Singapore
| rowspan="2" | Singapore
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 866–869
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 866–869 MHz
| 1, 2
| 1, 2
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 920–925
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 920–925 MHz
| 1, 2, 4
| 1, 2, 4
|-
|-
| Taiwan
| Taiwan
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 839–848.5
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 839–848.5 MHz
| 1, 2, 4
| 1, 2, 4
|-
|-
-
| rowspan="3" | United<br>States<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.l-com.com/content/Article.aspx?Type=N&ID=10421|title=Advantages and Disadvantages of ISM Band Frequencies|website=L-com Global Connectivity|language=en-us|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
+
| rowspan="3" | United States
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 902–904
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 902–904 MHz
| 1, 2
| 1, 2
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 904–920
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 904–920 MHz
| 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
| 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 920–928
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 920–928 MHz
| 1, 2, 4, 8
| 1, 2, 4, 8
|}
|}
 +
==2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n/ax)==
 +
Includes 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ax wireless specification.  Look at 2.45 GHz or 2450 MHz center frequency on a [[SDR]] waterfall or spectrum analyzer and you'll see the insanity. 
 +
The 2.4 GHz band is '''extremely congested''' in many areas with numerous devices using this frequency band, including high power [[ISM]] devices, [[Cordless_telephone|cordless telephones]], Bluetooth, analog and digital wireless video link systems (video senders), general [[SRD|Short Range Devices]], baby monitors, wireless intercoms, wireless microphone systems, short-range [[Part_15#15.249_-_Operation_within_the_bands_902-928_MHz.2C_2400-2483.5_MHz.2C_5725-5875_MHz.2C_and_24.0-24.25_GHz.|data]] and audio/video link systems of various power output levels and bandwidths...along with dozens of other uses, including [[Remote_Control#2.4_GHz_RC_Frequencies|remote control]] (RC) systems, 2.4G drone [[Remote_Control#2.4_GHz_RC_Frequencies|remote control]] systems and countless others. 
-
 
+
The availability of the 5 GHz band for WLAN / WiFi applications, the 900 MHz band and/or the 5.8 GHz band for cordless telephones and the 1.9 GHz / 1900 MHz [[DECT]] band for cordless telephones, wireless intercoms (many use [[FRS#Wireless_Intercom_Systems_FM_Intercoms|FRS]] frequencies at considerably lower power levels), baby [[Part_15#15.235_Operation_within_the_band_49.82-49.90_MHz.|monitors]], business cordless phone PBX systems, etc. means that some of the interference on 2.4 GHz could be eliminated with careful planning and frequency/channel use coordination among local users.   
-
==2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n/ax)==
+
-
 
+
-
The 2.4 GHz band is extremely congested with numerous devices using this frequency band, including [[ISM]] devices, [[Cordless_telephone|cordless telephones]], Bluetooth, analog and digital wireless video link systems (video senders), baby monitors, wireless intercoms and dozens of other uses.   
+
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
Line 81: Line 85:
! style="text-align: center;" | F<sub>0</sub> (MHz)
! style="text-align: center;" | F<sub>0</sub> (MHz)
! style="text-align: center;" | Frequency<br/>Range<br/>(MHz)
! style="text-align: center;" | Frequency<br/>Range<br/>(MHz)
-
! class="unsortable" | [[North America|North<br>America]]<ref name=t18-9>IEEE 802.11-2007&nbsp;— Table 18-9</ref>
 
-
! class="unsortable" | <br>Japan<br><ref name=t18-9/>
 
-
! class="unsortable" | Most of<br>world<br><ref name="t18-9" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anatel.gov.br/legislacao/resolucoes/2017/936-resolucao-680|title=Resolução nº 680, de 27 de junho de 2017|website=anatel.gov.br|access-date=2019-02-28}}</ref><ref>France: {{cite web | url=https://www.arcep.fr/index.php?id=8571&L=1&tx_gsactualite_pi1%5Buid%5D=232&tx_gsactualite_pi1%5Bannee%5D=2003&tx_gsactualite_pi1%5Btheme%5D=0&tx_gsactualite_pi1%5Bmotscle%5D=&tx_gsactualite_pi1%5BbackID%5D=2122&cHash=a558568045 | title=WLAN regulatory update | date=3 February 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mityc.es/Telecomunicaciones/Secciones/Espectro/cnaf/ | title=Cuadro Nacional de Atribución de Frecuencias (CNAF) | date=6 February 2008 | language=es | trans-title=National Table of Attribution of Frequencies (CNAF) |url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206082504/http://www.mityc.es/Telecomunicaciones/Secciones/Espectro/cnaf/ | archive-date=6 February 2008 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref><br><ref name="israel" /><ref name="Australia-F2015L01438">{{cite web | title=Radiocommunications (Low Interference Potential Devices) Class Licence 2015 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2015L01438 | website=www.legislation.gov.au |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Brazil">{{cite web | url=https://www.anatel.gov.br/Portal/verificaDocumentos/documento.asp?numeroPublicacao=252315&assuntoPublicacao=null&caminhoRel=Cidadao-Biblioteca-Acervo%20Documental&filtro=1&documentoPath=252315.pdf | page=33 | title=Brazil: Resolução nº 506, de 01/07/2008, publicado no Diário Oficial de 07/07/2008, atualizado em 24/11/2010 (in Brazilian Portuguese) | access-date=2017-08-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230743/http://www.anatel.gov.br/Portal/verificaDocumentos/documento.asp?numeroPublicacao=252315&assuntoPublicacao=null&caminhoRel=Cidadao-Biblioteca-Acervo%20Documental&filtro=1&documentoPath=252315.pdf | archive-date=2016-03-03 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Switzerland">{{cite web | url=https://www.bakom.admin.ch/bakom/en/homepage/equipments-and-installations/particular-equipment/wlan-rlan.html | title=WLAN / RLAN | website=www.bakom.admin.ch | access-date=24 June 2017}}</ref>
 
-
<!-- Please don't add unreferenced entries to this table. Also don't add them if they match the ETSI 13 channels, this is covered in the text -->
 
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{0}}1 || style="text-align: center;" | 2412 || style="text-align: center;" | 2401–2423 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 || style="text-align: center;" | 2412 || style="text-align: center;" | 2401–2423 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{0}}2 || style="text-align: center;" | 2417 || style="text-align: center;" | 2406–2428 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 2 || style="text-align: center;" | 2417 || style="text-align: center;" | 2406–2428 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{0}}3 || style="text-align: center;" | 2422 || style="text-align: center;" | 2411–2433 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 3 || style="text-align: center;" | 2422 || style="text-align: center;" | 2411–2433 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{0}}4 || style="text-align: center;" | 2427 || style="text-align: center;" | 2416–2438 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 4 || style="text-align: center;" | 2427 || style="text-align: center;" | 2416–2438 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{0}}5 || style="text-align: center;" | 2432 || style="text-align: center;" | 2421–2443 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 5 || style="text-align: center;" | 2432 || style="text-align: center;" | 2421–2443 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{0}}6 || style="text-align: center;" | 2437 || style="text-align: center;" | 2426–2448 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 6 || style="text-align: center;" | 2437 || style="text-align: center;" | 2426–2448 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{0}}7 || style="text-align: center;" | 2442 || style="text-align: center;" | 2431–2453 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 7 || style="text-align: center;" | 2442 || style="text-align: center;" | 2431–2453 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{0}}8 || style="text-align: center;" | 2447 || style="text-align: center;" | 2436–2458 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 8 || style="text-align: center;" | 2447 || style="text-align: center;" | 2436–2458 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{0}}9 || style="text-align: center;" | 2452 || style="text-align: center;" | 2441–2463 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 9 || style="text-align: center;" | 2452 || style="text-align: center;" | 2441–2463 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 10|| style="text-align: center;" | 2457 || style="text-align: center;" | 2446–2468 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 10|| style="text-align: center;" | 2457 || style="text-align: center;" | 2446–2468 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 11|| style="text-align: center;" | 2462 || style="text-align: center;" | 2451–2473 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 11|| style="text-align: center;" | 2462 || style="text-align: center;" | 2451–2473 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 12|| style="text-align: center;" | 2467 || style="text-align: center;" | 2456–2478 || {{no}}{{ref|B|B}} except [[Canada|CAN]] || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 12|| style="text-align: center;" | 2467 || style="text-align: center;" | 2456–2478 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 13|| style="text-align: center;" | 2472 || style="text-align: center;" | 2461–2483 || {{no}}{{ref|B|B|noid=noid}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 13|| style="text-align: center;" | 2472 || style="text-align: center;" | 2461–2483 ||
|-
|-
-
| style="text-align: center;" | 14|| style="text-align: center;" | 2484 || style="text-align: center;" | 2473–2495 || {{no}} || {{yes|'''11b only'''}}{{ref|C|C}} || {{no}}
+
| style="text-align: center;" | 14|| style="text-align: center;" | 2484 || style="text-align: center;" | 2473–2495 ||
|-
|-
|}
|}
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''Nations apply their own RF emission regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. Network operators should consult their local authorities as these regulations may be out of date as they are subject to change at any time.  Most of the world will allow the first thirteen channels in the spectrum.''
''Nations apply their own RF emission regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. Network operators should consult their local authorities as these regulations may be out of date as they are subject to change at any time.  Most of the world will allow the first thirteen channels in the spectrum.''
-
To guarantee no interference in any circumstances the Wi‑Fi protocol requires 16.25 to 22 MHz of channel separation.  The remaining 2 MHz gap is used as a guard band to allow sufficient attenuation along the edge of the band. This guardband is mainly used to accommodate older routers with modem chipsets prone to full channel occupancy, as most modern Wi‑Fi modems are not prone to excessive channel occupancy. In 22 MHz channel width situations, there is 3 MHz free/unused spectrum between NON-overlapping channels, this is not called [[guard band]] but channel spacing.  
+
To guarantee no interference in any circumstances the Wi‑Fi protocol requires 16.25 to 22 MHz of channel separation.  The remaining 2 MHz gap is used as a guard band to allow sufficient attenuation along the edge of the band. This guardband is mainly used to accommodate older routers with modem chipsets prone to full channel occupancy, as most modern Wi‑Fi modems are not prone to excessive channel occupancy. In 22 MHz channel width situations, there is 3 MHz free/unused spectrum between NON-overlapping channels, this is not called "guard band" but channel spacing.  
While overlapping frequencies can be configured at a location and will usually work, it can cause interference resulting in slowdowns, sometimes severe, particularly in heavy use. Certain subsets of frequencies can be used simultaneously at any one location without interference (see diagrams for typical allocations):
While overlapping frequencies can be configured at a location and will usually work, it can cause interference resulting in slowdowns, sometimes severe, particularly in heavy use. Certain subsets of frequencies can be used simultaneously at any one location without interference (see diagrams for typical allocations):
-
 
-
{{multiple image|align=center|direction=horizontal|total_width=660
 
-
|image1=NonOverlappingChannels2.4GHzWLAN-en.svg|caption1='''Most countries''' Graphical representation of Wireless LAN channels in 2.4&nbsp;GHz band. Note "channel 3" in the 40 MHz diagram above is often labelled with the 20 MHz channel numbers "1+5" or "1" with "+ Upper" or "5" with "+ Lower" in router interfaces, and "11" as "9+13" or "9" with "+ Upper" or "13" with "+ Lower"
 
-
|image2=NonOverlappingChannels2.4GHz802.11-en.svg|caption2='''North America''' Graphical representation of Wireless LAN channels in 2.4&nbsp;GHz band. Note "channel 3" in the 40 MHz diagram above is often labelled with the 20 MHz channel numbers "1+5" or "1" with "+ Upper" or "5" with "+ Lower" in router interfaces.
 
-
}}
 
However, the exact spacing required when the transmitters are not colocated depends on the protocol, the data rate selected, the distances and the electromagnetic environment where the equipment is used.
However, the exact spacing required when the transmitters are not colocated depends on the protocol, the data rate selected, the distances and the electromagnetic environment where the equipment is used.
The overall effect is that if there is considerable overlap between adjacent channels transmitters they will often interfere with each other. However, using every fourth or fifth channel by leaving three or four channels clear between used channels can cause less interference than sharing channels.
The overall effect is that if there is considerable overlap between adjacent channels transmitters they will often interfere with each other. However, using every fourth or fifth channel by leaving three or four channels clear between used channels can cause less interference than sharing channels.
-
 
-
{{-}}
 
==3.65 GHz (802.11y)==
==3.65 GHz (802.11y)==
''Except where noted, all information taken from Annex J of IEEE 802.11y-2008''
''Except where noted, all information taken from Annex J of IEEE 802.11y-2008''
-
This range is documented as only being allowed as a licensed band in the United States.
+
This range is documented as only being allowed as a licensed band in the United States.  3.6 GHz band license required.
A 40 MHz band is available from 3655 to 3695 MHz. It may be divided into eight 5 MHz channels, four 10 MHz channels, or two 20 MHz channels, as follows:
A 40 MHz band is available from 3655 to 3695 MHz. It may be divided into eight 5 MHz channels, four 10 MHz channels, or two 20 MHz channels, as follows:
Line 235: Line 228:
== 5 GHz (802.11a|a/802.11h|h/802.11j|j/802.11n|n/802.11ac|ac/IEEE 802.11ax|ax==
== 5 GHz (802.11a|a/802.11h|h/802.11j|j/802.11n|n/802.11ac|ac/IEEE 802.11ax|ax==
-
{{anchor|regulatory_tables5.0ghz
+
 
-
Korea has'nt DFS regulation, but must power down @ 5230-5250 MHz.
+
-
-->
+
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align: center;" | Channel
! style="text-align: center;" | Channel
Line 1,061: Line 1,052:
=== Germany ===
=== Germany ===
-
Germany requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.250–5.350&nbsp;GHz and 5.470–5.725&nbsp;GHz as well; in addition, the frequency range 5.150–5.350&nbsp;GHz is allowed only for indoor use, leaving only 5.470–5.725&nbsp;GHz for outdoor and indoor use.<ref name="Germany">{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Allgemeinzuteilungen/2010_07_WLAN_5GHz_pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile|title=Bundesnetzagentur Vfg 7/2010 / See footnote 4 and 5 (German only)|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref>
+
Germany requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.250–5.350&nbsp;GHz and 5.470–5.725&nbsp;GHz as well; in addition, the frequency range 5.150–5.350&nbsp;GHz is allowed only for indoor use, leaving only 5.470–5.725&nbsp;GHz for outdoor and indoor use.
-
Since this is the German implementation of EU Rule 2005/513/EC, similar regulations must be expected throughout the European Union.<ref name="eur-lex1">{{cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32005D0513:EN:NOT|title=EUR-Lex – 32005D0513 – EN – EUR-Lex|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|access-date=5 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="eur-lex2">{{cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32007D0090:EN:NOT|title=EUR-Lex – 32007D0090 – EN – EUR-Lex|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|access-date=5 June 2016}}</ref>
+
Since this is the German implementation of EU Rule 2005/513/EC, similar regulations must be expected throughout the European Union.
-
 
+
-
European standard [[ETSI#ETSI deliverable types|EN]] 301 893 covers 5.15–5.725&nbsp;GHz operation, and {{as of|2017|05|23|lc=y}} v2.1.1 has been adopted.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://portal.etsi.org/webapp/workProgram/Report_Schedule.asp?WKI_ID=46061|title=Details of 'REN/BRAN-60015' Work Item Schedule|access-date=24 December 2018}}</ref>
+
=== Austria ===
=== Austria ===
-
Austria adopted Decision 2005/513/EC directly into national law.<ref name="Austria">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bmvit.gv.at/ofb/publikationen/infoblaetter/downloads/201005en.pdf|title=Information of the Austrian Telecommunications Authority – Wireless Local Area Networks (WAS, WLAN, RLAN)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714115450/https://www.bmvit.gv.at/ofb/publikationen/infoblaetter/downloads/201005en.pdf|archive-date=July 14, 2019|access-date=August 2, 2017}}</ref> The same restrictions as in Germany apply, only 5.470–5.725&nbsp;GHz is allowed to be used outdoor and indoor.
 
-
=== South Africa ===
+
The same restrictions as in Germany apply, only 5.470–5.725&nbsp;GHz is allowed to be used outdoor and indoor.
-
Source for South Africa: <ref name="South-Africa" />
+
-
=== Japan ===
 
-
Japan's use of 10 and 20 MHz-wide 5&nbsp;GHz wireless channels is codified by [[Association of Radio Industries and Businesses]] (ARIB) document STD-T71, ''Broadband Mobile Access Communication System (CSMA)''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/st_ej.html|title=List of ARIB Standards for Radio|website=www.arib.or.jp|access-date=19 January 2016}}</ref> Additional rule specifications relating to 40, 80, and 160 MHz channel allocation has been taken on by Japan's [[Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications]] (MIC).<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://wifiamateur.blogspot.com/2013/04/80211ac-device-deployment-in-japan.html|title=Wi-Fi Amateur: IEEE Std 802.11ac Deployment in Japan|last=Hou|first=Chun "johnson"|date=3 April 2013|website=wifiamateur.blogspot.com|access-date=19 January 2016}}</ref><!-- The MIC channel allowances, and which do and don't require DFS/TPC, and are outdoor or indoor only, need to be fully documented in the channel table. -->
 
=== Brazil ===
=== Brazil ===
-
In Brazil, the TPC use in 5.150–5.725&nbsp;GHz band is optional. DFS is required only in the 5.470–5.725&nbsp;GHz band.<ref name="Brazil-DFS">{{cite web|url=https://www.anatel.gov.br/legislacao/resolucoes/2008/104-resolucao-506|title=Brazil: Resolução nº 506, de 01/07/2008, publicado no Diário Oficial de 07/07/2008 (in Brazilian Portuguese)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802212525/http://www.anatel.gov.br/legislacao/resolucoes/2008/104-resolucao-506|archive-date=2017-08-02|access-date=2017-08-02}}</ref>
+
In Brazil, the TPC use in 5.150–5.725&nbsp;GHz band is optional. DFS is required only in the 5.470–5.725&nbsp;GHz band.
=== Australia ===
=== Australia ===
-
{{As of|2015}}, some of the Australian channels require DFS to be utilised (a significant change from the 2000 regulations, which allowed lower power operation without DFS).<ref name="Australia-F2015L01438" /> As per AS/NZS 4268 B1 and B2, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350&nbsp;GHz and 5470–5725&nbsp;GHz bands shall implement DFS in accordance with sections 4.7 and 5.3.8 and Annex D of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(2). Also as per AS/NZS 4268 B3 and B4, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 MHz and 5470–5725 MHz bands shall implement TPC in accordance with sections 4.4 and 5.3.4 of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(1).
+
As of 2015, some of the Australian channels require DFS to be utilised (a significant change from the 2000 regulations, which allowed lower power operation without DFS). As per AS/NZS 4268 B1 and B2, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350&nbsp;GHz and 5470–5725&nbsp;GHz bands shall implement DFS in accordance with sections 4.7 and 5.3.8 and Annex D of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with [[Part 15]] FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(2). Also as per AS/NZS 4268 B3 and B4, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 MHz and 5470–5725 MHz bands shall implement TPC in accordance with sections 4.4 and 5.3.4 of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(1).
-
 
+
-
=== New Zealand ===
+
-
New Zealand regulation differs from Australian.<ref name="rsm.govt.nz">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsm.govt.nz/licensing/frequencies-for-anyone/short-range-devices-gurl/|title=Short Range Devices GURL|website=Radio Spectrum Management New Zealand}}</ref>
+
=== Singapore ===
=== Singapore ===
-
Singapore regulatory – IMDA requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.250–5.350&nbsp;GHz above 100 mW [[effective radiated power|EIRP]] and below or equal to 200 mW EIRP, requires DFS capability on 5.250–5.350&nbsp;GHz below or equal to 100 mW EIRP, and requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.470–5.725 below or equal to 1000&nbsp;mW EIRP. Operating 5.725–5.850&nbsp;GHz above 1000&nbsp;mW and below or equal to 4000&nbsp;mW EIRP shall be approved on exceptional basis.<ref name="Singapore IDA" />
+
Singapore regulatory – IMDA requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.250–5.350&nbsp;GHz above 100 mW effective radiated powerand below or equal to 200 mW EIRP, requires DFS capability on 5.250–5.350&nbsp;GHz below or equal to 100 mW EIRP, and requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.470–5.725 below or equal to 1000&nbsp;mW EIRP (1 watt) Operating 5.725–5.850&nbsp;GHz above 1000&nbsp;mW (1 watt) and below or equal to 4000&nbsp;mW (4 watts) EIRP shall be approved on exceptional basis.
=== South Korea ===
=== South Korea ===
-
In South Korea, the Ministry of Science and ICT has public notices. ''신고하지 아니하고 개설할 수 있는 무선국용 무선설비의 기술기준'', Technical standard for radio equipment for radio stations that can be opened without reporting. They allowed 160&nbsp;MHz channel bandwidth from 2018-6-27. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.go.kr/행정규칙/신고하지아니하고개설할수있는무선국용무선설비의기술기준/(2019-105,20191223)|title=신고하지 아니하고 개설할 수 있는 무선국용 무선설비의 기술기준|website=NATIONAL LAW INFORMATION CENTER|publisher=Korea Ministry of Government Legislation|trans-title=Technical standard for radio equipment for radio stations that can be opened without reporting|access-date=12 April 2020}}</ref>
+
In South Korea, the Ministry of Science and ICT has public notices. ''신고하지 아니하고 개설할 수 있는 무선국용 무선설비의 기술기준'', Technical standard for radio equipment for radio stations that can be opened without reporting. They allowed 160&nbsp;MHz channel bandwidth from 2018.
=== China ===
=== China ===
-
China MIIT expanded allowed channels {{as of|2012|12|31|lc=y}} to add UNII-1, 5150–5250&nbsp;GHz, UNII-2, 5250–5350&nbsp;GHz (DFS/TPC), similar to European standards EN 301.893 V1.7.1.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11293832/n12843926/n13917072/15140529.html | website=Ministry of Industry and Information Technology |title=工业和信息化部发布5150-5350兆赫兹频段无线接入系统频率使用相关事宜的通知 |language=zh |trans-title=Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Issues Notice on Frequency Use of Wireless Access System in the 5150-5350 MHz Band |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530151754/http://www.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11293832/n12843926/n13917072/15140529.html |archive-date=30 May 2013 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref>
+
China expanded allowed channels to add UNII-1, 5150–5250&nbsp;GHz, UNII-2, 5250–5350&nbsp;GHz (DFS/TPC), similar to European standards EN 301.893 V1.7.1.
=== Indonesia ===
=== Indonesia ===
-
Indonesia allows use of frequency of 5.150–5.250&nbsp;GHz and 5.250–5.350&nbsp;GHz for indoors use with maximum EIRP of 200&nbsp;mW and frequency of 5.725–5.825&nbsp;GHz with maximum EIRP of 4000&nbsp;mW for outdoors and 200&nbsp;mW for indoors.<ref name=":0" />
+
Indonesia allows use of frequency of 5.150–5.250&nbsp;GHz and 5.250–5.350&nbsp;GHz for indoors use with maximum EIRP of 200&nbsp;mW and frequency of 5.725–5.825&nbsp;GHz with maximum EIRP of 4000&nbsp;mW (4 watts) for outdoors and 200&nbsp;mW for indoors.
==5.9 GHz (802.11p)==
==5.9 GHz (802.11p)==
Line 1,102: Line 1,084:
==6 GHz (802.11ax)==
==6 GHz (802.11ax)==
===United States===
===United States===
-
On 23 April 2020, the FCC voted to allocate 1.2 GHz of unlicensed spectrum in the 6 GHz band (5.925–7.125 GHz) for Wi-Fi use.
+
On 23 April 2020, the FCC voted to allocate 1.2 GHz of unlicensed spectrum in the 6 GHz band (5.925–7.125 GHz) for Wi-Fi use.  This represents a significant increase in available spectrum bandwidth for broadband wireless applications.  It also provides for the possibility of moving larger networks off of the heavily congested 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.
The Wi-Fi Alliance has introduced the term "Wi-Fi 6E" to identify and certify Wi-Fi devices that support this new band. Channel numbers will be defined by the IEEE's 802.11ax task group.
The Wi-Fi Alliance has introduced the term "Wi-Fi 6E" to identify and certify Wi-Fi devices that support this new band. Channel numbers will be defined by the IEEE's 802.11ax task group.
Line 1,133: Line 1,115:
! Band !! 20 MHz !! 40 MHz !! 80 MHz !! 160 MHz
! Band !! 20 MHz !! 40 MHz !! 80 MHz !! 160 MHz
|-
|-
-
| [[U-NII]]-5 || 24 || 12 || 6 || 3
+
| U-NII-5 || 24 || 12 || 6 || 3
|-
|-
| U-NII-6 || colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | ''Not allowed''  
| U-NII-6 || colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | ''Not allowed''  
Line 1,150: Line 1,132:
====Client devices====
====Client devices====
-
Clients are limited to 24 dB below the power of the access point.{{cn|date=January 2021}}
+
Clients are limited to 24 dB below the power of the access point.
===Europe===
===Europe===
-
The European Commission is expected to rule on 6 GHz in early 2021. It is currently expected that EU regulations will permit operation only in the band from 5925 to 6425 MHz (corresponding to the US U-NII-5 band) by low-power indoor and very-low-power devices. <ref>{{cite web |title=Europe prepares to harmonise the 6 GHz spectrum band for Radio Local Area Networks |url=http://apps.cept.org/eccnews/aug-2019/europe_prepares_to_harmonise_the_6_ghz_spectrum_band_for_radio_local_area_networks.html |website=ECC Newsletter |access-date=24 April 2020 |date=August 2019}}</ref>
+
The European Commission is expected to rule on 6 GHz in early 2021. It is currently expected that EU regulations will permit operation only in the band from 5925 to 6425 MHz 5.925 GHz to 6.425 GHz (corresponding to the US U-NII-5 band) by low-power indoor and very-low-power devices.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 1,167: Line 1,149:
==60 GHz (802.11ad/ay)==
==60 GHz (802.11ad/ay)==
-
The 60 GHz band 802.11ad / 802.ay also known as WiGig.This operates in the 60&nbsp;GHz [[V band]] [[ISM band]].
+
The 60 GHz band 802.11ad / 802.ay also known as WiGig.This operates in the 60&nbsp;GHz "V band" [[ISM]] band.
-
{{60 GHz WiGig channels}}
+
60 GHz WiGig channels
Most original 802.11ad based chipset products only use channels 1–4.   
Most original 802.11ad based chipset products only use channels 1–4.   
There are some exceptions to this channel scheme.  For example, IgniteNet (manufacturer of 60 GHz PtP and PtMP products) incorporate an option for eight 1.08GHz wide "half channels" (channels 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5).
There are some exceptions to this channel scheme.  For example, IgniteNet (manufacturer of 60 GHz PtP and PtMP products) incorporate an option for eight 1.08GHz wide "half channels" (channels 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5).
 +
[[Category: VHF/UHF Radio Services]]
[[Category: VHF/UHF Radio Services]]

Latest revision as of 13:30, 20 May 2023

Wireless LAN / Wi-Fi WiFi frequency bands UHF (300 MHz - 3000 MHz) and higher - Super High Frequency so UHF/SHF


Contents

900 MHz (802.11ah)

802.11ah operates in sub-gigahertz unlicensed bands. While it is referred to as "900 MHz" it actually covers various bands including the 700 MHz band, 800 MHz band (including the European Short Range Device - SRD - SRD860 band allocations) and 900 MHz band. Each world region supports different sub-bands, and the channels number depends on the starting frequency of the sub-band it belongs to. Thus, there is no global channels numbering plan, and the channels numbers are incompatible between world regions (and even between sub-bands of a same world region).

It is important to note that the 902-928 MHz band is allocated to numerous other services, including 33cm amateur radio band, cordless telephone systems, license-free telemetry/data link systems, 915 MHz LoRa and related network systems such as Meshtastic, vehicle transponder systems, train and railroad telemetry systems and unlicensed frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) business radio two-way radio systems as well as being an ISM (FCC Rules Part 18).

The 700 MHz and 800 MHz bands are allocated to land mobile radio services, including public safety radio systems, 4G, 4G LTE, 5G (and earlier generation) mobile cellular networks, as well as other services - depending on the local frequency allocations and other regulations.

The following sub-bands are defined in the 802.11ah specifications:

Region Subband
(MHz)
Bandwidths
(MHz)
Australia 915–920 MHz 1, 2, 4
920–928 MHz 1, 2, 4, 8
China 755–779 MHz 1
779–787 MHz 1, 2, 4, 8
Europe 863–868 MHz 1, 2
Japan 916.5–927.5 MHz 1
Korea 917.5–923.5 MHz 1, 2, 4
New
Zealand
915–924 MHz 1, 2, 4, 8
924–928 MHz 1, 2, 4
Singapore 866–869 MHz 1, 2
920–925 MHz 1, 2, 4
Taiwan 839–848.5 MHz 1, 2, 4
United States 902–904 MHz 1, 2
904–920 MHz 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
920–928 MHz 1, 2, 4, 8

2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n/ax)

Includes 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ax wireless specification. Look at 2.45 GHz or 2450 MHz center frequency on a SDR waterfall or spectrum analyzer and you'll see the insanity.

The 2.4 GHz band is extremely congested in many areas with numerous devices using this frequency band, including high power ISM devices, cordless telephones, Bluetooth, analog and digital wireless video link systems (video senders), general Short Range Devices, baby monitors, wireless intercoms, wireless microphone systems, short-range data and audio/video link systems of various power output levels and bandwidths...along with dozens of other uses, including remote control (RC) systems, 2.4G drone remote control systems and countless others.

The availability of the 5 GHz band for WLAN / WiFi applications, the 900 MHz band and/or the 5.8 GHz band for cordless telephones and the 1.9 GHz / 1900 MHz DECT band for cordless telephones, wireless intercoms (many use FRS frequencies at considerably lower power levels), baby monitors, business cordless phone PBX systems, etc. means that some of the interference on 2.4 GHz could be eliminated with careful planning and frequency/channel use coordination among local users.

Channel F0 (MHz) Frequency
Range
(MHz)
1 2412 2401–2423
2 2417 2406–2428
3 2422 2411–2433
4 2427 2416–2438
5 2432 2421–2443
6 2437 2426–2448
7 2442 2431–2453
8 2447 2436–2458
9 2452 2441–2463
10 2457 2446–2468
11 2462 2451–2473
12 2467 2456–2478
13 2472 2461–2483
14 2484 2473–2495

Nations apply their own RF emission regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. Network operators should consult their local authorities as these regulations may be out of date as they are subject to change at any time. Most of the world will allow the first thirteen channels in the spectrum.

To guarantee no interference in any circumstances the Wi‑Fi protocol requires 16.25 to 22 MHz of channel separation. The remaining 2 MHz gap is used as a guard band to allow sufficient attenuation along the edge of the band. This guardband is mainly used to accommodate older routers with modem chipsets prone to full channel occupancy, as most modern Wi‑Fi modems are not prone to excessive channel occupancy. In 22 MHz channel width situations, there is 3 MHz free/unused spectrum between NON-overlapping channels, this is not called "guard band" but channel spacing.

While overlapping frequencies can be configured at a location and will usually work, it can cause interference resulting in slowdowns, sometimes severe, particularly in heavy use. Certain subsets of frequencies can be used simultaneously at any one location without interference (see diagrams for typical allocations):

However, the exact spacing required when the transmitters are not colocated depends on the protocol, the data rate selected, the distances and the electromagnetic environment where the equipment is used.

The overall effect is that if there is considerable overlap between adjacent channels transmitters they will often interfere with each other. However, using every fourth or fifth channel by leaving three or four channels clear between used channels can cause less interference than sharing channels.

3.65 GHz (802.11y)

Except where noted, all information taken from Annex J of IEEE 802.11y-2008

This range is documented as only being allowed as a licensed band in the United States. 3.6 GHz band license required.

A 40 MHz band is available from 3655 to 3695 MHz. It may be divided into eight 5 MHz channels, four 10 MHz channels, or two 20 MHz channels, as follows:

Designation Center
(MHz)
Span
5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz
131 3657.5 3655–3660
3660 3655–3665
132 3662.5 3660–3665
3665 3655–3675
133 3667.5 3665–3670
3670 3665–3675
134 3672.5 3670–3675
135 3677.5 3675–3680
3680 3675–3685
136 3682.5 3680–3685
3685 3675–3695
137 3687.5 3685–3690
3690 3685–3695
138 3692.5 3690–3695

5 GHz (802.11a|a/802.11h|h/802.11j|j/802.11n|n/802.11ac|ac/IEEE 802.11ax|ax

Channel Center
Frequency
(MHz)
Frequency
Range
(MHz)
10
MHz
20
MHz
40
MHz
80
MHz
160
MHz
United
States
FCC
U-NII Band(s)
United
States
<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Canada
<ref name="RSS-247">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="

5GHz Regulations in Canada (2018 Update)">Template:Cite web</ref>

Europe
<ref name="2005/513/EC">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="2007/90/EC">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="ERC/REC/70-03">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="ECC/DEC/(04)08">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="ETSI EN 301 893">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Russia
<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Japan
<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
India
Template:Citation needed
Singa-
pore
<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Singapore IDA">Template:Cite web</ref>
Mainland China
<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Israel
<ref name="israel">Israel: Template:Cite web</ref>
Korea
<ref name=korea>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Turkey
<ref name=Turkey>Template:Cite web</ref>
Australia
<ref name=Australia-F2015L01438/>
South Africa
<ref name="South-Africa">Template:Cite web</ref>
Brazil
<ref name=Brazil/>
Taiwan
<ref name="Taiwan">Template:Cite web</ref>
New
Zealand
<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Bahrain
<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Vietnam
<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Indonesia<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>
7 5035 5030–5040 10 Template:Na Template:Na Template:Na Template:N/a Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:Unknown Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No
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12 5060 5050–5070 20 Template:Na Template:Na Template:Na Template:N/a Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:Unknown Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No
16 5080 5070–5090 20 Template:Na Template:Na Template:Na Template:N/a Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:Unknown Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No Template:No
32 5160 5150–5170 20 Template:Na Template:Na U-NII-1 Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Unknown Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
34 5170 5150–5190 40 Template:Na Template:Na U-NII-1 Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
36 5180 5170–5190 20 U-NII-1 Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
38 5190 5170–5210 40 U-NII-1 Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
40 5200 5190–5210 20 U-NII-1 Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
42 5210 5170–5250 80 U-NII-1 Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
44 5220 5210–5230 20 U-NII-1 Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
46 5230 5210–5250 40 U-NII-1 Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes and Template:Notetag Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
48 5240 5230–5250 20 U-NII-1 Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes and Template:Notetag Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
50 5250 5170–5330 160 U-NII-1 and U-NII-2A Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No
52 5260 5250–5270 20 U-NII-2A Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
54 5270 5250–5290 40 U-NII-2A Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
56 5280 5270–5290 20 U-NII-2A Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
58 5290 5250–5330 80 U-NII-2A Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
60 5300 5290–5310 20 U-NII-2A Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
62 5310 5290–5330 40 U-NII-2A Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
64 5320 5310–5330 20 U-NII-2A Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
68 5340 5330–5350 20 Template:Na Template:Na Template:Na U-NII-2A Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Unknown Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
96 5480 5470–5490 20 Template:Na Template:Na Template:Na U-NII-2C Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Unknown Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:No
100 5500 5490–5510 20 U-NII-2C Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:No
102 5510 5490–5530 40 U-NII-2C Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Unknown Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:No
104 5520 5510–5530 20 U-NII-2C Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Unknown Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:No
106 5530 5490–5570 80 U-NII-2C Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Unknown Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:No
108 5540 5530–5550 20 U-NII-2C Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Unknown Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:No
110 5550 5530–5570 40 U-NII-2C Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Unknown Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:No Template:Yes Template:No
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Channel Center
Frequency
(MHz)
Frequency
Range
(MHz)
10
MHz
20
MHz
40
MHz
80
MHz
160
MHz
United States
FCC
U-NII Band(s)
United States Canada Europe Russia Japan India Singapore Mainland China Israel Korea Turkey Australia South Africa Brazil Taiwan New Zealand Bahrain Vietnam Indonesia
Notes: Template:Notefoot
Caption
Text Meaning
Template:Yes MAY be used without restrictions.
Template:No SHOULD NOT be used.
Template:Yes MUST be used indoor only.
Template:Yes MUST be used with DFS regardless indoor or outdoor.
Template:Yes MUST comply with SRD requirements regardless indoor or outdoor.
Template:Yes MUST be used with DFS and indoor only.
Template:Yes MUST be used with TPC and indoor only.
Template:Yes MUST be used with DFS and TPC.
Template:Yes MUST be used with DFS, TPC and comply with SRD requirements.
Template:Yes MUST be used with DFS, TPC and indoor only.
Template:Nonfree MUST be used only after registration.
Template:Unknown Information not available or defined.
Notes: Template:Citation

United States

In 2007, the Federal Communications Commission began requiring that devices operating in the bands of 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz must employ dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and automatic transmit power control (TPC) capabilities.

This is to avoid interference with weather-radar and military applications. In 2010, the FCC further clarified the use of channels in the 5.470–5.725 GHz band to avoid interference with Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) a type of weather radar system that operates in the same frequency band. On 10 June 2015, the FCC approved a "new" ruleset for 5 GHz device operation (called the "New Rules"), which adds 160 and 80 MHz channel identifiers, and re-enables previously prohibited DFS channels.

Germany

Germany requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz as well; in addition, the frequency range 5.150–5.350 GHz is allowed only for indoor use, leaving only 5.470–5.725 GHz for outdoor and indoor use.

Since this is the German implementation of EU Rule 2005/513/EC, similar regulations must be expected throughout the European Union.

Austria

The same restrictions as in Germany apply, only 5.470–5.725 GHz is allowed to be used outdoor and indoor.


Brazil

In Brazil, the TPC use in 5.150–5.725 GHz band is optional. DFS is required only in the 5.470–5.725 GHz band.

Australia

As of 2015, some of the Australian channels require DFS to be utilised (a significant change from the 2000 regulations, which allowed lower power operation without DFS). As per AS/NZS 4268 B1 and B2, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 GHz and 5470–5725 GHz bands shall implement DFS in accordance with sections 4.7 and 5.3.8 and Annex D of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with Part 15 FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(2). Also as per AS/NZS 4268 B3 and B4, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 MHz and 5470–5725 MHz bands shall implement TPC in accordance with sections 4.4 and 5.3.4 of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(1).

Singapore

Singapore regulatory – IMDA requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.250–5.350 GHz above 100 mW effective radiated powerand below or equal to 200 mW EIRP, requires DFS capability on 5.250–5.350 GHz below or equal to 100 mW EIRP, and requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.470–5.725 below or equal to 1000 mW EIRP (1 watt) Operating 5.725–5.850 GHz above 1000 mW (1 watt) and below or equal to 4000 mW (4 watts) EIRP shall be approved on exceptional basis.

South Korea

In South Korea, the Ministry of Science and ICT has public notices. 신고하지 아니하고 개설할 수 있는 무선국용 무선설비의 기술기준, Technical standard for radio equipment for radio stations that can be opened without reporting. They allowed 160 MHz channel bandwidth from 2018.

China

China expanded allowed channels to add UNII-1, 5150–5250 GHz, UNII-2, 5250–5350 GHz (DFS/TPC), similar to European standards EN 301.893 V1.7.1.

Indonesia

Indonesia allows use of frequency of 5.150–5.250 GHz and 5.250–5.350 GHz for indoors use with maximum EIRP of 200 mW and frequency of 5.725–5.825 GHz with maximum EIRP of 4000 mW (4 watts) for outdoors and 200 mW for indoors.

5.9 GHz (802.11p)

The 802.11p specification was published on 15 July 2010, specifies WLAN in the licensed band of 5.9 GHz (5.850–5.925 GHz).

6 GHz (802.11ax)

United States

On 23 April 2020, the FCC voted to allocate 1.2 GHz of unlicensed spectrum in the 6 GHz band (5.925–7.125 GHz) for Wi-Fi use. This represents a significant increase in available spectrum bandwidth for broadband wireless applications. It also provides for the possibility of moving larger networks off of the heavily congested 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.

The Wi-Fi Alliance has introduced the term "Wi-Fi 6E" to identify and certify Wi-Fi devices that support this new band. Channel numbers will be defined by the IEEE's 802.11ax task group.

Low-power indoor (LPI) operation

USA 6 GHz low-power indoor channels
Band 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz
U-NII-5 24 12 6 3
U-NII-6 5 2.5 1.25 0.5
U-NII-7 17.5 8.75 4.25 2.25
U-NII-8 12.5 5.75 2.5 1.25
TOTAL 59 29 14 7

Note: Partial channels indicate channels that span UNII boundaries, which is permitted in 6 GHz LPI operation. Under the proposed channel numbers, the U-NII-7/U-NII-8 boundary is spanned by channels 185 (20 MHz), 187 (40 MHz), 183 (80 MHz), and 175 (160 MHz). The U-NII-6/U-NII-7 boundary is spanned by channels 115 (40 MHz), 119 (80 MHz), and channel 111 (160 MHz).

For use in indoor environments, access points are limited to a maximum effective radiated power of 30 dBm and a maximum power spectral density of 5 dBm/MHz. They can operate in this mode on all four U-NII bands (5,6,7,8) without the use of automatic frequency coordination. To help ensure they are used only indoors, these types of access points are not permitted to be connectorized for external antennas, weather-resistant, or run on battery power.

Standard power

USA 6 GHz standard-power channels
Band 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz
U-NII-5 24 12 6 3
U-NII-6 Not allowed
U-NII-7 17 8 3 1
U-NII-8 Not Allowed
TOTAL 41 20 9 4

Standard power access points are permitted indoors and outdoors at a maximum EIRP of 36 dBm in the U-NII-5 and U-NII-7 sub-bands with automatic frequency coordination (AFC).

Very-low-power devices

The FCC will issue a ruling in the future on a third class of very low power devices such as hotspots and short-range applications.

Client devices

Clients are limited to 24 dB below the power of the access point.

Europe

The European Commission is expected to rule on 6 GHz in early 2021. It is currently expected that EU regulations will permit operation only in the band from 5925 to 6425 MHz 5.925 GHz to 6.425 GHz (corresponding to the US U-NII-5 band) by low-power indoor and very-low-power devices.

EU 6 GHz Channels
Band 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz
5925–6425 MHz 24 12 6 3

United Kingdom

The UK's OFCOM is expected to generally mirror EU regulations.

60 GHz (802.11ad/ay)

The 60 GHz band 802.11ad / 802.ay also known as WiGig.This operates in the 60 GHz "V band" ISM band.

60 GHz WiGig channels Most original 802.11ad based chipset products only use channels 1–4.

There are some exceptions to this channel scheme. For example, IgniteNet (manufacturer of 60 GHz PtP and PtMP products) incorporate an option for eight 1.08GHz wide "half channels" (channels 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5).



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